Effect of Pre-Sowing Magnetic Field Treatment on Enzymes and Phytohormones in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Seeds and Seedlings

Abstract

The aim of the presented studies was to evaluate the magnetic field (MF) effect on changes in some enzymes and phytohormones that takes place in the process of seed germination and growth of seedlings. Studies were led in the climatic chambers HERAEUS, on Petri dishes during six consecutive days. Pea seeds were divided into three groups from which one was the control (without stimulation) and two were treated with different doses of magnetic field (30 and 85 mT, respectively). Contents of amylolytic enzymes (AE) and phytohormones were determined at seven terms (0; 24; 48; 72; 96; 120 and 144 h) after placing them on the dishes. A favorable effect of seed stimulation with MF was found on the biochemical processes in the germinating seeds and pea seedlings. The size of changes in enzyme concentration was dependent mainly on the advancement of germination process (i.e., on length of time in which the seeds were on the dishes) and the MF treatment. The use of MF also had an effect on the increase in hormone content in the seeds and organs of seedlings, but values from objects treated with different doses did not differ significantly.

Treatment of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seeds with Electromagnetic Field Influences Germination and Phytohormone Balance Depending on Seed Size

“…The existing literature shows that, under MF exposure, changes in the IAA levels are varied depending on the treatment dose and the plant species, while the ABA levels mostly reduce. The presowing treatment of pea seed with alternating MFs of 50 Hz (30 and 85 mT) caused a significant increase in the IAA level in the germinating seeds (end-point analysis), as well as in young stems and roots [61]. Four days after treatment with radio-frequency EMFs of 5.28 MHz (0.74 mT), the IAA level was found to be higher in dry seeds of sunflower and lower in dry red clover seeds compared to their respective controls, while the ABA level was always lower in these EMF-treated seeds [62,63].…”

The Use of a Time-Changing Magnetic Field to Increase Soybean (Glycine max) Growth and Productivity

“…Increased calcium ions into the cell membrane can increase metabolism. Podleśny et al [13] reported that magnetic field treatment can change enzyme content and increase hormone content. Increased metabolism and hormone levels made the 0.1 mT magnetic field treatment accelerate stem growth, increase chlorophyll content, increase grain yield and increase soybean productivity.…”

“…Seed weight per tree with treatment 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; and 0.5 mT were 13.76±1.55 grams, 13.36±1.77 grams, 10.77±2.48 grams, 7.76±1.33 grams. The increase in the size and number of fruit occurs because the magnetic field treatment can change enzymes and hormone content in plants [13]. The most hormone increase occurred in the 0.1 mT magnetic field treatment, while the decrease in the amount of hormone occurred in the 0.5 mT treatment.…”

“…Treatment with a low magnetic field on the seeds made the epicotyl elongated [22] and increased the activity of enzymes [13] and phytohormones [23], thereby affecting plant growth. Table 1 shows the effect of treatment using a magnetic field on soybean plant stem height.…”

“…The 200 mT magnetic field treatment makes the water easy to be absorbed by the seeds [11,12]. Magnetic field treatment also affects enzyme changes and increases hormones in seeds and sprout organs [13], thereby increasing plant growth and yield [14]. The magnetic field treatment causes oxidative stress in the seeds because the free radical ion produced is longer [15].…”