Effects of an education program on knowledge and self-perception of school personnel in preparing to care for type 1 diabetes students

Dixe, Maria dos Anjos; Gordo, Clementina Maria Gomes de Oliveira; Catarino, Helena; Kraus, Teresa; Menino, Eva

doi:10.31744/einstein_journal/2020ao5101

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, between the age 18–44 the frequency is still high, and does not show the same declining [ 83 ]. Since by definition severe hypoglycemia requires the help of a third person as caregivers, education of such potential caregivers as parents, teachers, friends and colleagues, medical students and nurses is of paramount importance; for instance, training in how to recognize hypoglycemia as well as ad hoc educational programs should be implemented [ 84 , 85 , 86 ]. In addition, adequate intervention requires education, especially since glucagon represents the mainstay of hypoglycemia treatment of in out-of-hospital environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Fast Acting Glucagon for Recovery from Hypoglycemia, a Life-Threatening Situation: Nasal Powder and Injected Stable Solutions

Sala

Pontiroli

2021

IJMS

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The goal of diabetes care is to achieve and maintain good glycemic control over time, so as to prevent or delay the development of micro- and macrovascular complications in type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, numerous barriers hinder the achievement of this goal, first of all the frequent episodes of hypoglycemia typical in patients treated with insulin as T1D patients, or sulphonylureas as T2D patients. The prevention strategy and treatment of hypoglycemia are important for the well-being of patients with diabetes. Hypoglycemia is strongly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients, due probably to the release of inflammatory markers and prothrombotic effects triggered by hypoglycemia. Treatment of hypoglycemia is traditionally based on administration of carbohydrates or of glucagon via intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous injection (SC). The injection of traditional glucagon is cumbersome, such that glucagon is an under-utilized drug. In 1983, it was shown for the first time that intranasal (IN) glucagon increases blood glucose levels in healthy volunteers, and in 1989-1992 that IN glucagon is similar to IM glucagon in resolving hypoglycemia in normal volunteers and in patients with diabetes, both adults and children. IN glucagon was developed in 2010 and continued in 2015; in 2019 IN glucagon obtained approval in the US, Canada, and Europe for severe hypoglycemia in children and adults. In the 2010s, two ready-to-use injectable formulations, a stable non-aqueous glucagon solution and the glucagon analog dasiglucagon, were developed, showing an efficacy similar to traditional glucagon, and approved in the US in 2020 and in 2021, respectively, for severe hypoglycemia in adults and in children. Fast-acting glucagon (nasal administration and injected solutions) appears to represent a major breakthrough in the treatment of severe hypoglycemia in insulin-treated patients with diabetes, both adults and children. It is anticipated that the availability of fast-acting glucagon will expand the use of glucagon, improve overall metabolic control, and prevent hypoglycemia-related complications, in particular cardiovascular complications and cognitive impairment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Fast Acting Glucagon for Recovery from Hypoglycemia, a Life-Threatening Situation: Nasal Powder and Injected Stable Solutions

Sala

Pontiroli

2021

IJMS

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“…This study presents the content validation through expert judgment of an instrument for determining the degree of knowledge of diabetes in school teachers. Several studies highlight that these professionals' knowledge of different aspects regarding emergencies in individuals with diabetes, such as hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic events, is quite limited, making it difficult to safely and fully integrate children with diabetes into schools [22,27,28,41,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Content Validation of an Instrument for the Assessment of School Teachers’ Levels of Knowledge of Diabetes through Expert Judgment

Luque-Vara

Linares-Manrique

Fernández-Gómez

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The objective of this study was to describe the content validation, through expert judgment, of a questionnaire for determining the level of knowledge that school teachers have of diabetes in order to design relevant educational interventions to improve the health of school-aged children. This psychometric study involved 15 experts who assessed each of the items in the instrument. The results revealed that the strength of agreement shown by the questionnaire ranged from substantial to almost perfect in its four dimensions, with the characteristics of “sufficiency” and “relevance” having the highest scores (0.982 and 0.903, respectively) based on the judgments made by the participating experts. Regarding statistical significance, the characteristics “sufficiency”, with p < 0.001, and “relevance”, with p = 0.001, were particularly relevant. The overall degree of understandability for the new version of the instrument was high (91.54%). The psychometric results obtained from validation of the “grado de conocimientos sobre diabetes en docentes del ámbito escolar” (Spanish for “level of knowledge of diabetes in school teachers”)—GCDDaE questionnaire through expert judgment and the pre-test indicate that it is recommended for use as it is both relevant and quick and easy to administer.

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“…Both programs proved to be effective in improving knowledge and attitude of school staff in the management of diabetes at school ( 20 , 21 ). Dixe et al ( 22 ) showed the effectiveness of a 6-h structured educational program performed by previously trained nurses in Portuguese schools in enhancing knowledge and confidence while supporting students. Gurunathan et al ( 23 ) evaluated a 6-h pediatric endocrinologist-led structured educational program showing the significant impact of the intervention in reducing fear of hypoglycaemia in school staff.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Type 1 Diabetes in a school setting: effectiveness of an online training program for school staff

Bassi,

Scalas,

Spacco

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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Background and aimsSince Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) onset usually occurs at a young age, a relevant number of affected people attend school for most of their time; it is necessary that school personnel receive appropriate education and training. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the online training program offered by IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini during and after COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThe Institute’s Diabetes team offered an online training program to school staff of the Region during COVID-19 pandemic. A validated questionnaire was proposed to all the schools in which training meetings were held in the previous 2 years (2020–2021 and 2021–2022). The questionnaire consisted of four sections: Section 1 (Socio-demographical data), Section 2 (Theoretical knowledge on T1D), Section 3 (Confidence in handling T1D), and Section 4 (Practical skills and Glucagon Administration). To evaluate the effectiveness of the online training program, the answers between participants (Group A) and non-participants (Group B) were then compared.Results225 subjects from 19 schools participated in the survey. People who participated to the training (Group A, n = 53) demonstrated better T1D theoretical knowledge compared to non-participants (Group B, n = 154; p < 0.001). Group A revealed to feel more confident in the management of children with T1D during scholastic (p = 0.006) and extra-scholastic activities (p = 0.01), in supporting the children in the administration of insulin (p < 0.001) and in recognizing hypoglycaemia (p = 0.006). Moreover, results confirmed good levels of confidence among scholastic personnel who participated in the training of administration of glucagon in case of severe hypoglycaemia.ConclusionSchool staff who took part in the online training program on management of T1D showed better theoretical knowledge and better confidence in the management of daily needs and possible emergencies of students with T1D. It appears essential to offer educational programs on T1D for school staff by implementing the use of technological tools to reach a wider population. Moreover, it is advisable to offer a more practical approach, involving educational nurses.

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Effects of an education program on knowledge and self-perception of school personnel in preparing to care for type 1 diabetes students

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

New Fast Acting Glucagon for Recovery from Hypoglycemia, a Life-Threatening Situation: Nasal Powder and Injected Stable Solutions

New Fast Acting Glucagon for Recovery from Hypoglycemia, a Life-Threatening Situation: Nasal Powder and Injected Stable Solutions

Content Validation of an Instrument for the Assessment of School Teachers’ Levels of Knowledge of Diabetes through Expert Judgment

Management of Type 1 Diabetes in a school setting: effectiveness of an online training program for school staff

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