Effects of an education program on knowledge and self-perception of school personnel in preparing to care for type 1 diabetes students

Dixe, Maria dos Anjos; Gordo, Clementina Maria Gomes de Oliveira; Catarino, Helena; Kraus, Teresa; Menino, Eva

doi:10.31744/einstein_journal/2020ao5101

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In contrast, between the age 18–44 the frequency is still high, and does not show the same declining [ 83 ]. Since by definition severe hypoglycemia requires the help of a third person as caregivers, education of such potential caregivers as parents, teachers, friends and colleagues, medical students and nurses is of paramount importance; for instance, training in how to recognize hypoglycemia as well as ad hoc educational programs should be implemented [ 84 , 85 , 86 ]. In addition, adequate intervention requires education, especially since glucagon represents the mainstay of hypoglycemia treatment of in out-of-hospital environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Fast Acting Glucagon for Recovery from Hypoglycemia, a Life-Threatening Situation: Nasal Powder and Injected Stable Solutions

Sala

Pontiroli

2021

IJMS

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The goal of diabetes care is to achieve and maintain good glycemic control over time, so as to prevent or delay the development of micro- and macrovascular complications in type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, numerous barriers hinder the achievement of this goal, first of all the frequent episodes of hypoglycemia typical in patients treated with insulin as T1D patients, or sulphonylureas as T2D patients. The prevention strategy and treatment of hypoglycemia are important for the well-being of patients with diabetes. Hypoglycemia is strongly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients, due probably to the release of inflammatory markers and prothrombotic effects triggered by hypoglycemia. Treatment of hypoglycemia is traditionally based on administration of carbohydrates or of glucagon via intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous injection (SC). The injection of traditional glucagon is cumbersome, such that glucagon is an under-utilized drug. In 1983, it was shown for the first time that intranasal (IN) glucagon increases blood glucose levels in healthy volunteers, and in 1989-1992 that IN glucagon is similar to IM glucagon in resolving hypoglycemia in normal volunteers and in patients with diabetes, both adults and children. IN glucagon was developed in 2010 and continued in 2015; in 2019 IN glucagon obtained approval in the US, Canada, and Europe for severe hypoglycemia in children and adults. In the 2010s, two ready-to-use injectable formulations, a stable non-aqueous glucagon solution and the glucagon analog dasiglucagon, were developed, showing an efficacy similar to traditional glucagon, and approved in the US in 2020 and in 2021, respectively, for severe hypoglycemia in adults and in children. Fast-acting glucagon (nasal administration and injected solutions) appears to represent a major breakthrough in the treatment of severe hypoglycemia in insulin-treated patients with diabetes, both adults and children. It is anticipated that the availability of fast-acting glucagon will expand the use of glucagon, improve overall metabolic control, and prevent hypoglycemia-related complications, in particular cardiovascular complications and cognitive impairment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Fast Acting Glucagon for Recovery from Hypoglycemia, a Life-Threatening Situation: Nasal Powder and Injected Stable Solutions

Sala

Pontiroli

2021

IJMS

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“…This study presents the content validation through expert judgment of an instrument for determining the degree of knowledge of diabetes in school teachers. Several studies highlight that these professionals' knowledge of different aspects regarding emergencies in individuals with diabetes, such as hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic events, is quite limited, making it difficult to safely and fully integrate children with diabetes into schools [22,27,28,41,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Content Validation of an Instrument for the Assessment of School Teachers’ Levels of Knowledge of Diabetes through Expert Judgment

Luque-Vara

Linares-Manrique

Fernández-Gómez

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The objective of this study was to describe the content validation, through expert judgment, of a questionnaire for determining the level of knowledge that school teachers have of diabetes in order to design relevant educational interventions to improve the health of school-aged children. This psychometric study involved 15 experts who assessed each of the items in the instrument. The results revealed that the strength of agreement shown by the questionnaire ranged from substantial to almost perfect in its four dimensions, with the characteristics of “sufficiency” and “relevance” having the highest scores (0.982 and 0.903, respectively) based on the judgments made by the participating experts. Regarding statistical significance, the characteristics “sufficiency”, with p < 0.001, and “relevance”, with p = 0.001, were particularly relevant. The overall degree of understandability for the new version of the instrument was high (91.54%). The psychometric results obtained from validation of the “grado de conocimientos sobre diabetes en docentes del ámbito escolar” (Spanish for “level of knowledge of diabetes in school teachers”)—GCDDaE questionnaire through expert judgment and the pre-test indicate that it is recommended for use as it is both relevant and quick and easy to administer.

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“…Children may present difficulties in managing their treatment according to the level of complexity in each step, therefore, schools must provide effective training to educators to monitor children with chronic conditions. Adequate monitoring must be carried out during all school periods, however, most of the time the staff team does not have the minimum knowledge to deal with diabetes management because of the lack of training and necessary information (6,(8)(9) , which may be addressed in educational materials, such as booklets and e-books elaborated specifically to this public.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elaboration and validation of an e-book with the laws about diabetes in schools

et al. 2022

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Objectives: to elaborate an e-book about children and adolescents’ rights and duties concerning diabetes in schools. Methods: we developed this methodological study in nine steps: Creation process definition, bibliographic survey, e-book elaboration, readability and apprehensibility examination, illustration, committee of judges and targeted audience validation (students’ moms with diabetes and school staff), experts’ meetings and final discussion. We have considered acceptable the Content Validity Coefficient minimum of 0.80. Results: we obtained an average Content Validity Coefficient of 0,97 for clarity and relevance, and the images had 94% approval. In the face-to-face test, the targeted audience have considered the material clear and adequate to the intended purpose. Conclusions: the e-book was elaborated and validated regarding the content and relevance, and may be used to instruct the population about diabetes’ laws in schools.

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Effects of an education program on knowledge and self-perception of school personnel in preparing to care for type 1 diabetes students

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

New Fast Acting Glucagon for Recovery from Hypoglycemia, a Life-Threatening Situation: Nasal Powder and Injected Stable Solutions

New Fast Acting Glucagon for Recovery from Hypoglycemia, a Life-Threatening Situation: Nasal Powder and Injected Stable Solutions

Content Validation of an Instrument for the Assessment of School Teachers’ Levels of Knowledge of Diabetes through Expert Judgment

Elaboration and validation of an e-book with the laws about diabetes in schools

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