Validation of an UHPLC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of Malachite Green, Leucomalachite Green, Crystal Violet, and Leucocrystal Violet in Shrimp, Fish, and Salmon Muscle Using a Modified QuEChERS Approach

Abstract

A quantitative and confirmatory method for detecting the presence of triphenylmethane dyes in shrimp muscle using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) extraction approach was validated. The method exhibited linearity and selectivity and the coefficient of determination (R2) was higher than 0.95 for all studied analytes. Limits of detection (LODs) varied from 0.32 to 0.44 µg kg-1 and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was determined to be 0.5 µg kg-1 for all studied analytes. The trueness, precision, decision limits (CCα), detection capability (CCβ) and uncertainty presented adequate performance. In addition to the validation in shrimp muscle, fish and salmon muscle were also satisfactory validated as an extension of scope. The suitability of the proposed method was also evaluated through an interlaboratory proficiency test, in which satisfactory results were obtained. The fully validated method is thus suitable for the analysis of triphenylmethane dyes in shrimp, fish, and salmon muscle.

Development of pretreatment method for analysis of fungicides and hormones in seawater using LC-MS/MS

“…Various analytical methods of hormones or fungicides in biota samples have been developed including capillary electrophoresis [29], immunoassay method [30], liquid chromatography with amperometric detection [31]. Furthermore, pretreatment methods for fungicides were mostly performed by a single analysis method for each group [32,33]. In studies related to the analysis of hormones and fungicides, techniques as offline solid phase extraction (SPE) [28,[34][35][36][37][38] or online SPE [13], liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [2], solid-phase microextraction (SPME) [39], molecular imprinting technique coupled with SPE (MISPE) [27] have been previously reported for the pretreatment of parent compounds and/or metabolites in overseas water environments.…”