A simultaneous analytical method for two prohibited fungicides and their metabolites was developed alongside a simultaneous analytical method for two hormone compounds. For the fungicides, conditions such as the SPE cartridge type, pH conditions, and additives were varied while for the hormones, the elution solvents and pH conditions were varied, and finally, the optimal conditions were selected for each compound group. Target fungicide compounds and medroxyprogesterone acetate were ionized in positive mode while diethylstilbestrol was ionized in negative mode. For the fungicides, with the injection of additives and buffer, the MCX cartridge showed more stable recoveries (85.1-140.0%) compared to the HLB (82.3-251.7%) and combined cartridges (56.1-277.2%). The accuracy and precision of the analytical method were 83.2-130.1% and 6.8-15.0%, respectively. The method detection limit and limit of quantification from this study were lower than those reported in previous studies. Meanwhile, for hormones, methanol was the most appropriate elution solvent in the presence of ascorbic acid additive and at pH 2.5. Accuracy and precision ranged from 75.3-106.6% and 4.3-9.1%, respectively. This study's optimized simultaneous analytical methods can be used to proactively detect prohibited substances in seawater and aquaculture farms.
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals that exhibit various physicochemical characteristics, making it difficult to analyze many PFAS simultaneously. In this study, the simultaneous analytical methods of 37 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including the PFAS alternative compounds Gen-X, ADONA, Major F53B, Minor F53B, and precursors FOSA, FOSAA, MeFOSAA, EtFOSAA, n:2 FTUA, n:3 FTCA, and n:2 FTS in drinking water and sediment samples were developed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based on the Korean persistent organic pollutants (POPs) standard method. The water samples were extracted using a WAX cartridge by solid-phase extraction, while the sediment samples were extracted by ultrasonic extraction. The accuracy and precision satisfied the values of 50.7–118% and 0.01–8.5%, respectively, with a method detection limit of 0.12–1.36 ng/L. The PFAS analytical method for sediment samples was modified based on the Korean standard analytical method for persistent organic pollutants. The accuracy and precision of the 37 target PFAS ranged from 63% to 129% and 0.6% to 11.7%, respectively, with method detection limits of 0.03–1.94 ng/g in sediment. Satisfactory results were obtained for water samples using the current Korean standard analytical method for POPs. Meanwhile, for sediment samples, owing to the poor results obtained for the two compounds, the method was modified.
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