Dithiocarbamate Residues in Fruits and Leaves of Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis) from Different Brazilian Regions

Abstract

Dithiocarbamates are widely used fungicides, including in passion fruit, whose fruits are mainly used for juice production, the leaves for the preparation of herbal tea and medicines. Also, the use of the peel in the food industry has been proposed. In this study, the spectrophotometric method for determination of dithiocarbamate residues, as CS 2 , in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) was validated at a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.05 mg kg-1 CS 2 , and 108 samples (55 fruits and 53 leaves) collected from Brazilian growers were analyzed. About 25% of the fruit peel samples were positive (0.06 to 1.4 mg kg-1) and only one sample had residues in the pulp (0.09 mg kg-1), 43.4% of leaf samples contained residues. Washing of fruit reduced the residues in the peel by up to 100%, and drying the leaves increased residue levels by up to 60%. This is the first study that reports dithiocarbamate residues in passion fruit in Brazil, and the results are important for government authorities when planning monitoring programs, and for food and herbal medicine industries.

Análise de resíduos de fungicidas ditiocarbamatos em hortaliças produzidas na região de Vargem Bonita, Distrito Federal

“…The samples were processed while still frozen, quickly cutting them into small pieces to avoid dithiocarbamate degradation and stored in a freezer until the moment of analysis (Mozzaquatro et al, 2019).…”

Clean-up Strategy for Dithiocarbamate Fungicide Determination in Soybean by GC-ITD-MS and GC-PFPD: Method Development and Validation

“…Even though traditional UV–vis spectrophotometric methods − are still being used, chromatographic methods ,,− are the most frequently applied techniques, providing acceptable and reproducible recoveries at low concentrations. Most methods have been developed for the analysis of fruit and vegetable matrices.…”