ZEÓLITA NaA SINTETIZADA SOBRE FIBRA DE VIDRO COMO ESTRATÉGIA PARA OTIMIZAÇÃO DO ABRANDAMENTO DE ÁGUAS DURAS

Abstract

NaA ZEOLITE SYNTHESIZED OVER FIBERGLASS AS A STRATEGY FOR OPTIMIZING HARD WATER SOFTENING. Zeolite NaA has been successfully synthesized over glass fiber surface previously activated by alkaline treatment. By varying the time of the treatment and the amount of silica and alumina precursors used in the reaction mixture, a sample with higher zeolite concentration could be obtained. This material was evaluated for water softening process as an alternative substitute for the use of the zeolite in its powder form, in which several drawbacks related to recovery and reuse limit its application. Water softening experiments, carried out in a continuous flow system, with a column containing the glass fiber-zeolite NaA, showed high performance in decreasing the Ca2+ ions, with complete removal achieved for 20 mL of simulated hard water (Ca2+ 100.0 mg L– ¹) by using 200 mg of the sample in form of column (10 mm diameter × 300 mm high). The sample maintained this performance in a wide range of pH (3.0-9.0), and also presented a feasible regenerability, with no decrease in its performance during the first four cycles of use, reaching 87.3% of efficiency over the tenth cycle.

Application of Capacitive Deionization in Water Treatment and Energy Recovery: A Review

“…Therefore, the softening of hard water has important practical significance. Various methods have been developed to address the problem of water hardenings, such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange, adsorption, electrodialysis, electrolysis, electrochemistry, and nanofiltration [65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72]. CDI is a chemical-free and cost-effective technology that has been increasingly applied to water softening.…”