Development of New Synthesis Routes for Hydroxyapatite Nanopowders Production From Chicken Eggshells

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanopowders are attracting interest for surface application to ceramic biomaterials. In this study, we developed innovative and new viable synthesis routes of calcium phosphate nanopowders from the natural calcium carbonate of chicken eggshells. Following the four routes, alternative co-precipitation, vacuum process, brushite, and calcination, we obtained the HA samples, which were then characterized by different methods. The X-ray diffraction /Rietveld method showed the HA phases, monetite and brushite crystallinity with greater symmetry, and nanoscale. Transmission electron microscopy showed the morphology of nanoparticles functionalized nanoparticles smaller than 100 nm in routes A, B and D, and Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry and Raman spectroscopy identified the classic chemical groups of calcium phosphates by four routes mainly groups (PO4) 3- and (CO3 -). Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed a good surface topography to future cell biointeraction in A, B and D routes, and thermogravimetric analysis showed the mass loss profile inherent to each synthesis route with slot at 200 °C. Hence, the eggshell HA and brushite and the specific monetite nanoparticles with different morphology can be prepared from the four new possible and viable routes using different methods.

Enhancing the Antibacterial Properties of Magnesium Alloys with Copper-Doped Anhydrous Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles Embedded into the Polycaprolactone Coating for Medical Implants

“…Figure b presents the XRD pattern of the Cu-ADCP nanoparticles, substantiating that ADCP was successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal method, as the three strong peaks of ADCP at 2θ = 26.4, 26.5, and 30.2° were detected according to JCPDS#70-0360, and the Cu ion was incorporated in the phase of calcium copper phosphate (Ca 19 Cu 2 (PO 4 ) 14 ), as the three strong peaks of calcium copper phosphate at 2θ = 27.9, 31.1, and 34.5° were detected according to JCPDS#89-4438, which meant that the synthesized nanoparticles were a mixture composed of two phases, ADCP and calcium copper phosphate. Raman spectrum is shown in Figure c, where the peak at 960 cm –1 is assigned to PO 4 3– in ADCP . The SEM image of Cu-ADCP nanoparticles showed that small spheres clustered into irregular Cu-ADCP nanoparticles with a diameter of approximately 100 nm (Figure a).…”

“…Raman spectrum is shown in Figure 2c, where the peak at 960 cm −1 is assigned to PO 4 3− in ADCP. 26 The SEM image of Cu-ADCP nanoparticles showed that small spheres clustered into irregular Cu-ADCP nanoparticles with a diameter of approximately 100 nm (Figure 3a).…”