A Importância Das Cumarinas Para a Química Medicinal E O Desenvolvimento De Compostos Bioativos Nos Últimos Anos

Abstract

Coumarins are natural products characterized as 2H-chromen-2-one, according to IUPAC nomenclature, largely distributed in plants, as well as, in species of fungi and bacteria. Nowadays, many synthetic procedures allow the discovery of coumarins with expanded chemical space. The ability to exert non-covalent interactions with many enzymes an receptors in living organisms lead the coumarins to exhibit a wide range of biological activities and applications. Then, this manuscript provides an overview of the use of coumarin compounds in medicinal chemistry in treating many diseases. Important examples of the last years have been selected concerning the activities of coumarins as anticoagulant, anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, antidiabetics, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-neurodegenerative agents. Thus, this work aims at contributing to the development of new rational research projects searching for new treatments and bioactive compounds for many pathologies using coumarin derivatives.

Ocorrência e significado da cumarina na cachaça armazenada em amburana

“…A título de ilustração, nomes como cumaru e cumbaru são também usados no Brasil para designar a espécie Dipteryx odorata, mais comumente referida como baunilha brasileira, fava tonka ou feijão tonka Research, Society andDevelopment, v. 12, n. 1, e18912139667, 2023 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i1.39667 6 (Lorenzi, 2008). As favas dessa espécie vegetal são historicamente reconhecidas como fonte de cumarina (Franco et al, 2021;Heghes et al, 2022). No entanto, essa madeira não tem registro de citação nos rótulos de cachaças comerciais.…”

“…Como princípio ativo, a cumarina ocorre em centenas de compostos maiores, referidos como "cumarinas". São conhecidas cerca de 1300 cumarinas naturais (Franco et al, 2021;Lin et al, 2014;Matos et al, 2015;Venugopala et al, 2013), que podem ser simples ou complexas. Dentre as estruturas simples destacam-se, pela frequência de ocorrência, a 4- As cumarinas desempenham inúmeras funções nas plantas: são antioxidantes e inibidores enzimáticos.…”

“…No final do século XX, foi demonstrado que a ingestão continuada de cumarina pode causar danos ao fígado em pessoas especialmente sensíveis. No âmbito terapêutico, a cumarina pode interferir no metabolismo ou nos efeitos de outras drogas, com relatos de efeitos adversos e até fatais atribuídos a doses excessivas (Franco et al, 2021;Kowalczyk et al, 2020).…”

Computer Aided Drug Design Methodologies with Natural Products in the Drug Research Against Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Coumarins are oxygenated heterocyclic lactones, called benzopyranones, which basically consist of a pyran ring attached to a benzene with the pyrone carbonyl specifically located in position 2, comprising an important class of secondary metabolites that are widely distributed in vegetables, as well as in fungi and bacteria [ 89 , 90 ] already thechromones are classified as coumarin isomers and are also oxygenated heterocyclic compounds that may come from natural or synthetic routes, and its structure consists of the fusion of a benzene ring with a pyran-4-one ring [ 91 , 92 ].…”

“…The xanthones, in turn, are also oxygenated heterocyclic compounds that can be of natural origin (present in plants, fungi, ferns, lichens) or synthetic; however, its basic structure is dibenzo-γ-pyro or, as it is known, 9H-xanten-9-one, formed in plants by the combination of the chiquimate and acetate pathways [ 93 , 94 ]. In view of their respective molecular architectures and easy modification, coumarins, chromones and xanthones have been the target of several studies, presenting numerous pharmacological properties [ 89 , 90 , 93 , 95 ].…”