Destilação Atmosférica Do Biodiesel Derivado Do Óleo De Macaúba Ou Do Palmiste Para Obtenção Da Fração De Ésteres Leves Para Uso Como Combustível De Aviação

Abstract

ATMOSPHERIC DISTILLATION OF BIODIESEL FROM MACAÚBA OR PALMISTE OIL TO OBTAIN LIGHTER ESTER FRACTION TO BE USED AS AVIATION FUEL. The production of methyl esters via transesterification reaction of triacylglycerides of macaúba and palm kernel oils, with subsequent atmospheric distillation and separation of six fractions of the produced biodiesel, corresponding to 60% of its initial volume, is reported. The composition in esters of the produced biodiesel, its fractions and remaining residue of the distillation was determined by gas chromatography. This analytical procedure has allowed to monitor the content in esters for each distilled fraction. The fractions richer in C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0 is intended to be used as an aviation fuel, in blends with the Jet-A1 biokerosene. The residues from the distillation with higher molecular weights than those corresponding to esters C16:0, C18:0 and C18:1 are destined to other combustion engines as any conventional biodiesel. For the biodiesel obtained from the macaúba kernel, this distillation led to an enrichment from 45.86% to up to 74.35% in the C12:0 ester. For the palm kernel biodiesel, the corresponding enrichment was from 66.76% up to 82.96%. Through this simple distillation, it was thus possible to effectively enrich, in C8:0 to C14:0 esters, the initial crude biofuel, with an efficiency of 30% for the macaúba and 11.5% for the palmiste biodiesel.

Light Fatty Acid Methyl Esters in Biodiesel Derived from the Gueiroba (Syagrus oleracea) Kernel Oil to Blend with Jet-A1 Kerosene for Aviation Fuel

“…The chemical process of the methylic transesterification with potassium hydroxide as a homogeneous catalyst followed the conventional methodology, as reportedly used by Harter et al 23 The fraction of light esters (meaning esters of fatty acid with molecular chain length ranging from 8 to 14 carbons), or, for short, light biodiesel, was obtained from atmospheric distillation of the biodiesel. The conventional distillation with some modifications was used following the methodology earlier described by Harter et al, 23 with a steadily increasing temperature of the biodiesel flask. The distilled fractions were collected from an outlet at about 25 cm from the bottom and about 5 cm from the top of the condenser column, starting at 180 °C and continued up to 270 °C, according to readings on a glass thermometer at the top of the column.…”

“…The transesterification reaction still requires short molecular chain alcohol, which is most commonly methanol, even though ethanol, propanol, butanol and amyl alcohol may be alternatively used. 20 Even though some essays regarding the use of p a l m ( E l a e i s g u i n e e n s i s ) 2 1 , 2 2 a n d m a c a ú b a (Acrocomia aculeata) 21,23 oil-derived FAMEs (fatty acid methyl esters), followed by atmospheric distillation to fraction and separate esters of shorter molecular chains, have been earlier reported in the scientific literature, this alternative still requires further rigorous checking for the physical and chemical characteristics of the resulting blends of Jet-A1 kerosene with light FAMEs, in order to assure its compliance with the officially recommended standard characteristics of airplane fuels.…”