Optimization of Solvent-Free Geranyl Butanoate Production Using Novozyme 435 and Homemade Polyurethane Immobilized Novozyme NZL-102-Lyo-Hq as Catalysts

Abstract

This study reports the optimization of geranyl butanoate production by esterification of geraniol and butanoic acid in a solventfree system using two immobilized lipases as catalyst. The operating conditions that optimized geranyl butanoate production were determined to be 40 °C, a geraniol to butanoic acid molar ratio of 3:1, 150 rpm, 5 wt% of enzyme, and 1 h of reaction, which resulted in a reaction conversion of about 97% for Novozyme 435. When homemade Novozyme NZL-102-LYO-HQ (Cal-B) immobilized in polyurethane foam was used as catalyst, the experimental conditions of an alcohol to acid molar ratio of 5:1, 70 °C, 150 rpm, 5 wt% of enzyme, and 1 h of reaction gave a conversion of 95%. New experimental data on enzymatic esterification of geraniol and butanoic acid for geranyl butanoate production are reported in this work, showing that the technique is promising for overcoming the well-known drawbacks of the chemical-catalyzed route.

Synthesis of a series of validoxylamine A esters and their biological activities

“…Before the synthesis of VAFAEs, eight lipases had been selected. Novozym 435 exhibits excellent catalytic activity and was consistent with that reported in the literature that had broad substrate applicability 34 with different fatty acids 35 . Except for Novozym 435, other lipases had limited catalytic ability, which may be due to the differences in the active pockets of different lipases and the influence of organic media.…”

Novozym 435: the “perfect” lipase immobilized biocatalyst?

“…144 Geraniol and butanoic acid were esterified by N435 in a solvent-free system with a yield of over 95%, higher than the yield observed using a home-made biocatalyst. 287 N435 was also the best enzyme preparation among the assayed ones in the synthesis of several geraniol esters via an esterification process in a continuous-flow packed-bed reactor (e.g., 87% of geranyl propionate). 288 Ethyl lactate was produced via esterification catalyzed by N435, with a yield near 90%.…”

“…294 The reaction was catalyzed by different enzyme preparations, with N435 being the reference, and not overtaken by any of the new biocatalysts (with a product cost of 56.5 € per kg versus 58 € per kg for the best new catalyst). 287 In other cases, a transesterification reaction has been used to get the target product. For example, eugenyl acetate has been synthesized in supercritical carbon dioxide by transesterification of eugenol and acetic anhydride catalyzed by N435.…”

Immobilization of lipases on hydrophobic supports: immobilization mechanism, advantages, problems, and solutions

“…As a clear example of the simplicity and usefulness of this immobilization protocol, Novozym 435, that is the immobilized form of the lipase B from Candida antarctica and very likely the most utilized commercial immobilized biocatalysts, has been prepared using this strategy employing Lewatit VP OC 1600 as support (Bansode et al, 2017;Du et al, 2004;Endo et al, 2018;Galgali et al, 2018;Kaar et al, 2003;Ortiz et al, 2019;Polloni et al, 2017;Sbardelotto et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018). Table 1 shows a compilation of the most utilized hydrophobic supports and the lipases that have been immobilized on them (from 2010 until present).…”