Contaminantes emergentes em matrizes aquáticas do Brasil: cenário atual e aspectos analíticos, ecotoxicológicos e regulatórios

Abstract

publicado na web em 11/07/2017 EMERGING CONTAMINANTS IN AQUATIC MATRICES FROM BRAZIL: CURRENT SCENARIO AND ANALYTICAL, ECOTOXICOLOGICAL AND LEGISLATIONAL ASPECTS. Emerging contaminants occur in parts per trillion or less in aquatic matrices. The effects related to the exposure of aquatic biota and human to them have been identified for different compounds. The knowledge about the concentrations of the exposure is the first step to perform risk assessments. The present work describes a literature review about occurrence in Brazilian aquatic matrices, and a discussion about biological effects, legislation and analytical aspects involving the presence of emerging compounds. The review includes 58 papers published between 1997 and 2016, considering the occurrence of personal care and pharmaceutical compounds, illicit drugs, hormones, pesticides and some other endocrine disruptors compounds in the matrices sewage, surface, ground and drinking waters. The concentrations varied from ng L -1 to μg L -1 , depending on the region and the compound. However, the contamination scenario was aggravated by the combination of poor sanitation status -such as low investment in sewage treatment plants, which led to an expressive contamination of the receiving waters with sewage -and the current goods consumption level, which is similar to that of developed countries. These data provide a good insight into the particular levels of contamination and can be used both for further researches and decision making in the regulation area of public policy.Keywords: emerging contaminants; endocrine disruptors compounds; drinking water; surface water; wastewater. CONTAMINANTES EMERGENTESA temática dos contaminantes emergentes ganhou destaque na década passada e vem sendo abordada em diferentes aspectos por pesquisadores do mundo todo. Tratam-se de centenas de compostos que têm sido detectados nos diferentes compartimentos ambientais (solo, água e ar), sendo eles tanto de origem antrópica (presentes em efluentes domésticos, industriais, hospitalares e aqueles provenientes das atividades agrícola e pecuária), quanto de ocorrência natural (presentes em diferentes espécies de plantas, por exemplo). Estes compostos podem apresentar algum risco ao ecossistema e eles não estão incluídos nos programas de monitoramento de rotina, ou seja, não são legislados. Assim, serão candidatos a uma futura regulamentação dependendo dos resultados obtidos em estudos de ecotoxicidade, efeitos à saúde humana, potencial de bioacumulação, transporte e destino nos diferentes compartimentos ambientais, além da quantidade em que são lançados e, portanto, da concentração no ambiente. Tratam-se de estudos que envolvem diferentes áreas da ciência e que têm sido considerados fundamentais para o esclarecimento dos novos paradigmas relacionados ao estilo de vida moderno. Conhecer os riscos associados à exposição por centenas de novos compostos que ainda não estão contemplados nas legislações vigentes permite antecipar e mitigar sérios danos para as gerações futuras.Muitos dos e...

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products as emerging micropollutants in Brazilian surface waters: a preliminary snapshot on environmental contamination and risks

“…In the region of São Carlos (São Paulo), Campanha et al 39 reported an average value of 2 ng/L for 17β-estradiol in 24 positive data out of a total of 81 (30 %). Again, these results demonstrate the great variability of Brazilian surface waters concerning their degree of pollution, certainly influenced by sewage discharges, as pointed out earlier 1,42,60 . Data for MEC portrayed in Figure 3 can be used to perform a preliminary risk assessment on the presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Brazilian surface waters using Equation 2, as well as PNEC data presented in Table 1.…”

“…In general, the levels of pharmaceuticals and personal hygiene products in Brazilian surface waters are higher than those found in other countries, as already reported in recent literature reviews 1,63 . Higher median concentrations are noticed for acetylsalicylic acid, followed by ibuprofen and 17α-ethinylestradiol.…”

“…Emerging environmental micropollutants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products, are potentially toxic substances of recent interest to academics, regulatory agencies, and sectors of society 1,2 . Information on the occurrence and effects of such micropollutants in environmental compartments is critical to assess their risks under natural conditions.…”

AVALIAÇÃO DE CONTAMINANTES EMERGENTES EM ÁGUAS E SOLOS DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO: USO DAS METODOLOGIAS HAZOP e ITI

“…Entre estes, os contaminantes emergentes compreendem fármacos e produtos de higiene pessoal, protetores solares, hormônios, entre outros (Richardson; Ternes, 2011). Tais contaminantes têm sido detectados nos diferentes compartimentos ambientais e podem apresentar efeitos adversos para a saúde humana ou ao ambiente, já que o estudo sobre esses ainda é recente e as legislações ambientais vigentes são deficitárias (Montagner et al, 2017).…”

Occurrence of caffeine in wastewater and sewage and applied techniques for analysis: a review

“…Eclética Química Journal, vol. 44, n. 4, 2019, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] ISSN: 1678-4618 DOI: 10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v44.4.2019.p11-26 illicit drugs, pesticides, hormones and other compounds can be classified as emerging contaminants and the entry routes of these contaminants into the environment are diverse, coming from numerous sources, as it can be seen in Figure 1.…”