publicado na web em 11/07/2017 EMERGING CONTAMINANTS IN AQUATIC MATRICES FROM BRAZIL: CURRENT SCENARIO AND ANALYTICAL, ECOTOXICOLOGICAL AND LEGISLATIONAL ASPECTS. Emerging contaminants occur in parts per trillion or less in aquatic matrices. The effects related to the exposure of aquatic biota and human to them have been identified for different compounds. The knowledge about the concentrations of the exposure is the first step to perform risk assessments. The present work describes a literature review about occurrence in Brazilian aquatic matrices, and a discussion about biological effects, legislation and analytical aspects involving the presence of emerging compounds. The review includes 58 papers published between 1997 and 2016, considering the occurrence of personal care and pharmaceutical compounds, illicit drugs, hormones, pesticides and some other endocrine disruptors compounds in the matrices sewage, surface, ground and drinking waters. The concentrations varied from ng L -1 to μg L -1 , depending on the region and the compound. However, the contamination scenario was aggravated by the combination of poor sanitation status -such as low investment in sewage treatment plants, which led to an expressive contamination of the receiving waters with sewage -and the current goods consumption level, which is similar to that of developed countries. These data provide a good insight into the particular levels of contamination and can be used both for further researches and decision making in the regulation area of public policy.Keywords: emerging contaminants; endocrine disruptors compounds; drinking water; surface water; wastewater. CONTAMINANTES EMERGENTESA temática dos contaminantes emergentes ganhou destaque na década passada e vem sendo abordada em diferentes aspectos por pesquisadores do mundo todo. Tratam-se de centenas de compostos que têm sido detectados nos diferentes compartimentos ambientais (solo, água e ar), sendo eles tanto de origem antrópica (presentes em efluentes domésticos, industriais, hospitalares e aqueles provenientes das atividades agrícola e pecuária), quanto de ocorrência natural (presentes em diferentes espécies de plantas, por exemplo). Estes compostos podem apresentar algum risco ao ecossistema e eles não estão incluídos nos programas de monitoramento de rotina, ou seja, não são legislados. Assim, serão candidatos a uma futura regulamentação dependendo dos resultados obtidos em estudos de ecotoxicidade, efeitos à saúde humana, potencial de bioacumulação, transporte e destino nos diferentes compartimentos ambientais, além da quantidade em que são lançados e, portanto, da concentração no ambiente. Tratam-se de estudos que envolvem diferentes áreas da ciência e que têm sido considerados fundamentais para o esclarecimento dos novos paradigmas relacionados ao estilo de vida moderno. Conhecer os riscos associados à exposição por centenas de novos compostos que ainda não estão contemplados nas legislações vigentes permite antecipar e mitigar sérios danos para as gerações futuras.Muitos dos e...

Um método foi otimizado usando extração em fase sólida (SPE) e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) com detecção por ultravioleta com arranjo de diodos (UV/DAD) ou fluorescência (FLD) para a determinação de 15 contaminantes emergentes em águas superficiais, a saber: acetoaminofenol, ácido salicílico, diclofenaco, ibuprofeno, cafeína, 17β-estradiol, estrona, progesterona, 17α-etinilestradiol, levonorgestrel, dietilftalato, dibutilftalato, 4-octilfenol, 4-nonilfenol A single run optimization chromatographic method for the determination of 15 emerging contaminants in surface water was optimized using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with detection through ultraviolet-diode array (UV-DAD) or fluorescence (FLD). Selected compounds included acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, diclofenac, ibuprofen, caffeine, 17β-estradiol, estrone, progesterone, 17α-ethynylestradiol, levonorgestrel, diethylphthalate, dibutylphthalate, 4-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenol and bisphenol A. Quality parameters of the proposed method showed a linearity r 2 > 0.996, coefficient of variation lower than 5%, recoveries between 80 to 120% for a spike of 10 µg L -1 for each of the 15 compounds. The lowest limit of detection (LOD) was 38 ng L -1 for caffeine, whereas the highest value was 170 ng L -1 for ibuprofen. The method was applied to the spatial and seasonal monitoring of these compounds in the Atibaia River, which is the main drinking water source for Campinas City (São Paulo State, Brazil). Among the 15 selected emerging contaminants, 10 were detected at least once. The lowest concentration determined was 0.096 µg L -1 for diclofenac, whereas caffeine showed concentrations as high as 127 µg L -1 .

The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture can lead to water contamination and cause adverse effects on non-target organisms. Brazil has been the world's top pesticide market consumer since 2008, with 381 approved pesticides for crop use. This study provides a comprehensive literature review on the occurrence of pesticide residues in Brazilian freshwaters. We searched for information in official agency records and peer-reviewed scientific literature. Risk quotients were calculated to assess the potential risk posed to aquatic life by the individual pesticides based on their levels of water contamination. Studies about the occurrence of pesticides in freshwaters in Brazil are scarce and concentrated in few sampling sites in 5 of the 27 states. Herbicides (21) accounted for the majority of the substances investigated, followed by fungicides (11), insecticides (10) and plant growth regulators (1). Insecticides are the class of major concern. Brazil would benefit from the implementation of a nationwide pesticide freshwater monitoring program to support preventive, remediation and enforcement actions.