Abstract:REACTIVITY AND SOLUBILITY OF GASES. This paper deals with the solubility and reactivity of gases, especially in water, covering the main aspects that influence the dissolution process, namely polarizability of atoms or molecules in gas phase and their ability to react with the solvent. The discussion highlights the importance of solubility of gases in several biological processes, such as respiration and photosynthesis, hydrogen storage and industrial processes, as the production of carbonated beverages. The d… Show more
“…They are responsible for most red and blue colours in fruits, vegetables, and have been used in the food industry as pigments, owing to their bright attractive colours, high water solubility and associated health benefits [ 76 ]. In addition, diverse flavonoids, such as 388 – 397 from S. jabrense [ 167 ] and S. palodusum [ 513 ] and 399 – 403 from S. lyratum [ 514 ] were reported. Fig.…”
Section: Chemical Constituents and Their Biological Propertiesmentioning
Over the past 30 years, the genus Solanum has received considerable attention in chemical and biological studies. Solanum is the largest genus in the family Solanaceae, comprising of about 2000 species distributed in the subtropical and tropical regions of Africa, Australia, and parts of Asia, e.g., China, India and Japan. Many of them are economically significant species. Previous phytochemical investigations on Solanum species led to the identification of steroidal saponins, steroidal alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, lignans, sterols, phenolic comopunds, coumarins, amongst other compounds. Many species belonging to this genus present huge range of pharmacological activities such as cytotoxicity to different tumors as breast cancer (4T1 and EMT), colorectal cancer (HCT116, HT29, and SW480), and prostate cancer (DU145) cell lines. The biological activities have been attributed to a number of steroidal saponins, steroidal alkaloids and phenols. This review features 65 phytochemically studied species of Solanum between 1990 and 2018, fetched from SciFinder, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Wikipedia and Baidu, using “Solanum” and the species’ names as search terms (“all fields”).
“…They are responsible for most red and blue colours in fruits, vegetables, and have been used in the food industry as pigments, owing to their bright attractive colours, high water solubility and associated health benefits [ 76 ]. In addition, diverse flavonoids, such as 388 – 397 from S. jabrense [ 167 ] and S. palodusum [ 513 ] and 399 – 403 from S. lyratum [ 514 ] were reported. Fig.…”
Section: Chemical Constituents and Their Biological Propertiesmentioning
Over the past 30 years, the genus Solanum has received considerable attention in chemical and biological studies. Solanum is the largest genus in the family Solanaceae, comprising of about 2000 species distributed in the subtropical and tropical regions of Africa, Australia, and parts of Asia, e.g., China, India and Japan. Many of them are economically significant species. Previous phytochemical investigations on Solanum species led to the identification of steroidal saponins, steroidal alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, lignans, sterols, phenolic comopunds, coumarins, amongst other compounds. Many species belonging to this genus present huge range of pharmacological activities such as cytotoxicity to different tumors as breast cancer (4T1 and EMT), colorectal cancer (HCT116, HT29, and SW480), and prostate cancer (DU145) cell lines. The biological activities have been attributed to a number of steroidal saponins, steroidal alkaloids and phenols. This review features 65 phytochemically studied species of Solanum between 1990 and 2018, fetched from SciFinder, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Wikipedia and Baidu, using “Solanum” and the species’ names as search terms (“all fields”).
“…These watersheds are located in the middle and lower Parauapebas, and largely in protected areas, such as Flona de Carajás, APA do Gelado and Campos Ferruginosos National Park, in areas covered by tropical forest or where there are remnants of forest or vegetation. This fact demonstrates the influence of forest cover and the presence of riparian forest, possibly serving as a thermal buffer [64,65], contributing to the maintenance of DO concentrations in drainage, by increasing the capacity to retain solar radiation and maintain the temperature of the drainage, thus reducing the possibility of dissociation of gases, caused by the increase in temperature [66]. For P total , higher values were observed during the rainy season.…”
Section: Influence Of Land Use and Coverage On Water Geochemistrymentioning
The present work aims to evaluate the chemical quality and establish the geochemical baseline values of elements in the surface waters of the Parauapebas River basin (PRB), which is one of the major subbasins in the Itacaiúnas River watershed (IRW) located in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 327 surface water samples were collected during the rainy and dry seasons in 2017. Results indicate that waters are slightly acidic to alkaline (pH 6 to 8), and there was a strong influence of the seasonal variation on water quality, with higher values of turbidity, Fe, Al, Mn, TDS, etc. in the rainy season. Two geochemical baseline types for the PRB were defined, i.e., ‘conservative baseline’ (CB), represented by the cumulative frequency curve, and the ‘environmental baseline’ (EB), comprising the sum of natural and diffuse anthropogenic contributions, represented by the 98th percentile. Except Fe, Mn and Al, the CB and EB values of various trace elements (Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Rb, Sn, Sr, Ti, V and Zn) were lower than the recommended limits of CONAMA 357/05—class 2. The principal component analysis (PCA) identified the major geochemical association (Al-Ti-Cu-Cr-Ni-V), which is an imprint of the local geological setting. Ni and Cr showed enrichment at sites where mafic and ultramafic rocks are concentrated, while Cu concentration is mainly associated with the north and south mineralization belts. High concentrations of Fe and Mn are characteristic of the waters of this region and this is mostly influenced by specific land use activities and intense weathering/erosion of catchment materials. At the upper Parauapebas, anthropogenic contributions associated with soil use and occupation were also important along with the geogenic effects. The obtained results regarding sources of contaminants in some microbasins can be taken as a starting point for future studies on the environmental quality of the region’s water resources.
“…O sucesso das espécies pode depender dessa adaptação e em alguns casos a respiração aérea é adotada e o oxigênio passa a ser obtido diretamente do ar atmosférico. Já nos peixes de respiração exclusivamente aquática, as brânquias constituem o órgão responsável pela captação de oxigênio do meio (SILVA et al, 2017). A diminuição na quantidade de gás oxigênio tem um efeito dramático para o bem-estar desses peixes, pois se a temperatura da água oscilar acarretará aumento da sua velocidade de respiração, o que lhes exigirá um alto custo energético (CARAPETO, 1999).…”
Section: O Estudo Dos Gases Dissolvidos Em áGuaunclassified
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo reconhecer as potencialidades de uma oficina temática aplicada para alunos do Curso de Licenciatura em Química de uma universidade pública do Estado do Paraná. Sua fundamentação ancorou-se nos pressupostos teóricos sobre a abordagem temática a partir de referenciais teóricos do ensino de ciências. O conjunto de atividades que compõem a oficina constituiu-se como material empírico, considerando que, por meio de sua análise, pode-se identificar concepções dos alunos sobre o tema e conceitos químicos abordados. Evidenciamos que na organização do conhecimento, os alunos mobilizaram conhecimentos químicos e biológicos ao considerarem a presença de gases em ambientes aquáticos, especificamente neste caso, o oxigênio e gás carbônico e os processos de respiração peixes e a fotossíntese das plantas aquáticas. Além de reconhecerem alguns fatores que influenciam a dissolução desses gases, seja pela influência da temperatura, agitação ou pH da água.
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