Probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii Alleviates Lung Injury by Reduction of Oxidative Stress and Cytokine Response Induced by Supraceliac Aortic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats

Anwulignan Ameliorates the Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion

“…Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion is more common in the surgery with serious burns, blood loss, trauma and surgical procedures (Gonzalez et al2015). In this study, a rat II/R injury model was successfully established by a classical method (Camara-Lemarroy et al 2009;Durmaz et al 2020), and the protective effect of anwulignan on the jejunum was confirmed.…”

“…A majority of studies have revealed that II/R can cause a series of disorders (Gonzalez et al2015;Camara-Lemarroy et al 2009;Durmaz et al 2020), including histopathological changes, physiological dysfunctions, biochemical abnormity, and excessive oxidative stress etc. The present study showed that there were obvious congestion in the jejunal microcirculation with slow blood flow velocity, the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the jejunal tissue, high activity of serum and jejunal MPO.…”

“…Then, the rats were fixed on a rat plate in a supine position, and a 2-cm incision was made along the median line of the abdomen below the xiphoid process to expose the superior mesenteric artery. The superior mesenteric artery of rats in Sham group and Sham+Anwu group was only isolated, without clamping, while that in II/R group and II/R+Anwu group was isolated and clamped with a non-invasive vascular clamp for 45 min, and then the clamp was removed and the artery was reperfused for 60 min for the establishment of an II/R model (Camara-Lemarroy et al 2009;Durmaz et al 2020). After the II/R, the blood was collected from the abdominal aorta, left standing at room temperature for 30 min, and centrifuged at 4 ℃ for 10 min.…”

Intestinal Microbiota - An Unmissable Bridge to Severe Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Acute Lung Injury

“…pointed out that probiotics produced 3-hydroxyoctadecenoic acid (C18-3OH), which could regulate the inflammatory response by binding to the PPAR-γ in intestinal epithelial cells, mediated by AP-1 (active protein-1), NF-κB, STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), and macrophage differentiation during PALI ( 146 ). Additionally, Lactobacillus royale , Saccharomyces boulardii , and Bifidobacterium have been reported to inhibit BT and decrease the incidence of PALI ( 46 , 147 – 150 ). A double-blind clinical trial demonstrated that the time of hospitalization and abdominal pain is shortened in SAP patients following Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis supplement ( 151 ).…”

Milmed Yeast Alters the LPS-Induced M1 Microglia Cells to Form M2 Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype

“…Several studies have reported the beneficial effect of Saccharomyces yeast supplementation, decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress. In 2021 Durmaz et al [ 16 ] reported that oral supplementation of probiotic S. boulardii before supraceliac aortic ischemia-reperfusion in rats alleviates lung injury by reducing oxidative stress, intestinal cellular damage, and modulation of inflammatory processes. Of note, S. boulardii supplemented to mice to whom gut dysbiosis was induced by oral Ampicillin Na, was able to reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines resulting in hippocampal neuron protection and eventually reversing gut dysbiosis associated with cognitive decline in mice [ 17 ].…”