Segregação ocupacional e diferenciais de renda por gênero e raça no Brasil: uma análise de grupos etários

Silveira, Leonardo Souza; Leão, Natália Siqueira

doi:10.20947/s0102-3098a0151

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Regarding the gender variable, its positive coefficient shows that being male increases incomes by 18.7%, possibly signaling the existence of discrimination in favor of men in the Brazilian labor market, a result like that found by Silveira and Siqueira (2021). The positive coefficient of the race variable shows that being white increases yields by 17.7%, also signaling a possible existence of discrimination in favor of white people in the Brazilian labor market, a result also aligned with that of the study by Silveira and Siqueira (2021). The variable area of residence (urban zone) presents a positive coefficient, showing that living in an urban area positively influences the income of individuals by 19.7%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Smoking effects on labor income: new evidence for Brazil

Vieira,

Pereira

2024

ECON

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PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effect of smoking on the income of workers in the Brazilian labor market.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS), we initially address the sample selection bias concerning labor market participation by using the Heckman (1979) method. Subsequently, the decomposition of income between smokers and nonsmokers is analyzed, both on average and across the earnings distribution by employing the procedure of Firpo, Fortin, and Lemieux (2009) - FFL decomposition. Ñopo (2008) technique is also used to obtain more robust estimates.FindingsOverall, the findings indicate an income penalty for smokers in the Brazilian labor market across both the average and all quantiles of the income distribution. Notably, the most significant differentials and income penalties against smokers are observed in the lower quantiles of the distribution. Conversely, in the higher quantiles, there is a tendency toward a smaller magnitude of this gap, with limited evidence of an income penalty associated with this habit.Research limitations/implicationsThis study presents an important limitation, which refers to a restriction of the PNS (2019), which does not provide information about some subjective factors that also tend to influence the levels of labor income, such as the level of effort and specific ability of each worker, whether smokers or not, something that could also, in some way, be related to some latent individual predisposition that would influence the choice of smoking.Originality/valueThe relevance of the present study is clear in identifying the heterogeneity of the income gap in favor of nonsmokers, as in the lower quantiles there was a greater magnitude of differentials against smokers and a greater incidence of unexplained penalties in the income of these workers, while in the higher quantiles, there was low magnitude of the differentials and little evidence that there is a penalty in earnings since the worker is a smoker.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Smoking effects on labor income: new evidence for Brazil

Vieira,

Pereira

2024

ECON

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“…Mesmo com essas desigualdades, alguns fatores têm contribuído para o aumento da força produtiva da mulher no mercado de trabalho, tais como: a desistência da maternidade (queda na taxa de fecundidade) e o aumento do nível de escolaridade (GUIGINSKI; WAJNMAN, 2019;SIQUEIRA, 2021). Para Madalozzo, Martins e Shiratori (2010), o aumento da participação da mulher no mercado de trabalho foi proporcionado pelo rápido desenvolvimento econômico, que gerou a necessidade da mão de obra feminina, ocasionando mudanças nos valores com relação ao trabalho das mulheres e influenciando novos padrões.…”

Section: Desigualdades Por Gênero No Mercado De Trabalhounclassified

Análise espacial da desigualdade de gênero no mercado de trabalho na região Matopiba, Brasil

Saraiva,

Oliveira,

Lopes

et al. 2023

Bol. Geogr.

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O objetivo foi analisar a distribuição espacial da desigualdade de gênero no mercado de trabalho na região Matopiba, nos anos de 2013 e 2019. Os dados utilizados na pesquisa foram coletados da base de dados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS) referentes aos anos de 2013 e 2019, e organizados conforme por meio dos seguintes indicadores: número de empregos, faixa etária, remuneração, escolaridade e tempo de emprego. Foi realizada uma análise exploratória pela geoestatística espacial, empregando os indicadores de dependência espacial pelo software QGIS 3.16, para a análise dos dados e geração de mapas. Os resultados evidenciaram que os homens representaram 12,33% em 2013 e 10,87% em 2019, com maior representatividade nas ocupações de emprego do que as mulheres. Nesse período, a participação das mulheres teve um crescimento de 8,09%. Sobre a escolaridade, as mulheres se destacaram no ensino superior, com alta significância de 30,01%, de 2013 para 2019, enquanto os homens representaram 16,11%. Relativo à faixa etária, houve significância de 56,12% e 55,42% para os homens nos anos pesquisados, e à medida que a idade avança, essa diferença diminui gradativamente em relação às mulheres. Em relação à remuneração, foi observado que em 2013 uma taxa de 41,17% e em 2019 de 42,0% de mulheres empregadas que ganhavam menos de cinco salários-mínimos e superior a cinco salários-mínimos, 3,0% e 4,0% dos homens em ambos os anos. Quando ao tempo de emprego, os homens representaram 56,16% e 55,44% para 2013 e 2019, respectivamente, com maior significância, enquanto as mulheres tiveram um leve crescimento de 4,04% com mais de cinco anos no emprego, sendo inferior aos homens, que foram de 5,24%. Conclui-se, que a região Matopiba apresentou desigualdade de gênero, mas as análises espaciais evidenciaram a diminuição dessas desigualdades, ainda que de forma tímida.

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“…In Brazil, women have more years of schooling than men, mainly due to higher completion rates in secondary and tertiary education (Beltrão and Alves 2009). Yet, women are segregated in occupations with lower labor market returns and clustered in fields of study that lead to lower returns (Silveira and Leão 2021).…”

Section: Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

changing structure of school to work transition in Brazil

Leão

Carvalhaes²,

Elbers³

et al. 2022

Civitas

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This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the changing structure and consequences of the links between the educational system and labor markets in Brazil in the past 30 years. Using the linkages methodology proposed by DiPrete et al. (2017) and Elbers (2021), we identify changes in education-occupation linkage that were offset by Brazil’s rapid educational expansion, distinguishing between changes in rates and changes in the structure of school-to-work linkages. We find that the overall compositional shift towards higher educational levels did not have substantial effects on occupational allocation, yet the trends for younger and older workers, as well as for workers with different fields of study in the tertiary system, were fundamentally different. Our findings suggest that the features of educational expansion in Brazil – i.e., privatization, field of study concentration, and quality discrepancies – contributed to a weakening of the links between education and occupational systems.

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Segregação ocupacional e diferenciais de renda por gênero e raça no Brasil: uma análise de grupos etários

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Smoking effects on labor income: new evidence for Brazil

Smoking effects on labor income: new evidence for Brazil

Análise espacial da desigualdade de gênero no mercado de trabalho na região Matopiba, Brasil

changing structure of school to work transition in Brazil

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