Effects of a new approach of aerobic interval training on cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiovascular parameters of metabolic syndrome subjects

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effects of 16 weeks of periodized aerobic interval training (AIT) on cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiovascular parameters of metabolic syndrome (Mets) individuals. Subjects and methods: The sample was composed of 52 subjects with a diagnosis of Mets, allocated into two groups: AIT (AITG; n = 26) and control (CG; n = 26). The AITG was submitted to a periodized AIT program, over 16 weeks, while CG was not submitted to any training program. To evaluate the autonomic modulation and cardiovascular parameters in both groups, heart rate variability (HRV) indices, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) were measured at the beginning and end of the training. Results: Statistically significant differences were not observed in HFms 2 (high frequency in milisseconds), LFnu (low frequency in normality unit), HFnu (high frequency in normality unit), and LF/HF ratio indices, or in the cardiovascular parameters BP and HR when comparing the AITG with the CG. However, significant increases in rMSSD (root-means square differences of successive R-R intervals), LFms 2 (low frequency in milliseconds), and SDNN (standard deviation of normal to normal intervals) were observed in the AITG. Conclusion: Periodized AIT promoted positive effects on autonomic modulation of Mets subjects, characterized by an increase in the parasympathetic, sympathetic, and global modulation of this population. Additionally, cardiovascular parameter alterations were not observed in Mets subjects submitted to periodized AIT.

Chronic Effects of Different Intensities of Interval Training on Hemodynamic, Autonomic and Cardiorespiratory Variables of Physically Active Elderly People

“…Regarding autonomic analysis, it seems that IT is an e cient method for promoting improvements. In addition to Pichot et al [20], other experiments also obtained positive responses in HRV (p < 0.05) after the intervention with IT [27,31]. About cardiorespiratory assessment, the IT was shown to be potential in the results, signi cantly improving (p < 0.05) VO 2max [20,53,55].…”

“…Some cardiovascular adaptations can be affected in the elderly, such as central and peripheral functions. The aerobic stimulus can reduce the plasma level of renin, re ecting in the decrease of the renin-angiotensin system, improving the barore ex activity, consequently the behavior of BP, HR, and HRV [20,31]. The improvement in capillary density, endothelial function and oxygen delivery to tissues, are factors that can in uence hemodynamic and autonomic development [19,54,56].…”

“…Also, studies have used IT assessing individuals of different ages and objectives for physiological analyzes [28][29][30]. Therefore, currently, there is little research using IT at intensities below the physiological thresholds, for example, anaerobic and ventilatory threshold 2 [31], especially for the elderly. In IT, stimuli performed below physiological thresholds (e.g., anaerobic and ventilatory 2) can provide less mechanical and physiological wear in the elderly.…”

Chronic Effects of Different Intensities of Interval Training on Hemodynamic, Autonomic and Cardiorespiratory Variables of Physically Active Elderly People

“…The intensity of the stimuli still seems to be an unresolved issue. Because studies have shown positive responses with work intensities below thresholds 31 and with high-intensity stimuli above metabolic and/or ventilatory limits 7,56 . In the present study, the IT intervention was performed in 2 groups (TG A and TG B ) with different stimulus intensities, being 70-75% HR max (TG A ) and 60-65% HR max (TG B ) and even with light to moderate, the elderly investigated improved the cardioprotective capacity, through the analysis of ES and ∆%.…”

“…Some cardiovascular adaptations can be affected in the elderly, such as central and peripheral functions. The aerobic stimulus can reduce the plasma level of renin, re ecting in the decrease of the renin-angiotensin system, improving the barore ex activity, consequently the behavior of BP, HR, and HRV 20,31 . The improvement in capillary density, endothelial function and oxygen delivery to tissues, are factors that can in uence hemodynamic and autonomic development 19,54,56 .…”