Effects of thymoquinone in a rat model of reserpine-induced depression

Reserpine-induced rat model of depression: behavioral, physiological and dopamine receptor PET based validation

“…The effect on body weight loss is well established and can serve as a predictor of the degree of "reserpinization" (Halaris and Freedman, 1975). Along with the current study, chronic reserpine administration under different administration schemes have reported induced body weight loss in rats (Kuzay et al, 2022;Sethy and Hodges Jr., 1985). However, contradictory outcomes have also been shown (Ikram and Haleem, 2017).…”

The Fibromyalgia Pain Experience: A Scoping Review of the Preclinical Evidence for Replication and Treatment of the Affective and Cognitive Pain Dimensions

“…While FST is understood to evaluate behavioral despair, which may be related to concepts of learned helplessness [71], these should not be considered unconditionally when employed as a lone measure of affective function. Additional data for depression-like behaviors were identified with the Tail Suspension Test (TST) paradigm [49,51,58,66], although results failing to find these effects were also highlighted [72]. Results from Sucrose Preference Test (SPT) and Novelty Suppressed Feeding Test (NSFT) assays remained consistent, such that the model reliably produced depression-like behaviors in animals as elucidated in these assessments [37,53,56,63,66,67,73].…”

“…Additional data for depression-like behaviors were identified with the Tail Suspension Test (TST) paradigm [49,51,58,66], although results failing to find these effects were also highlighted [72]. Results from Sucrose Preference Test (SPT) and Novelty Suppressed Feeding Test (NSFT) assays remained consistent, such that the model reliably produced depression-like behaviors in animals as elucidated in these assessments [37,53,56,63,66,67,73]. Further investigation into depression-like behavior using the splash test yielded mixed results, with one study reporting reduced grooming behaviors [56], while others did not [53,64].…”

“…In assessments where FST was the sole measure of affect, the following treatments were reported as effective in alleviating behavioral despair associated with the reserpine model of FMS: curcumin [38], Phα1β [39], laser irradiation [41], duloxetine or a duloxetine-gamma irradiation combination treatment [41], imipramine [43], I2R agonists [43], combination treatment with folic acid and melatonin [44], B1R receptor KO or selective antagonists [45], and Cur-IONPs [46]. In other affective measures of FMSlike pain, evidence has been provided for improvement with a variety of antidepressants, including imipramine [49,54,56], duloxetine [37], desvenlafaxine [37], amitryptiline [59], citalopram [66], vortioxetine [75], and fluoxetine [61,62]. Evidence has also been provided for anticonvulsants gabapentin [61] and analog pregabalin [58].…”

“…Additionally, changes to diet and exercise have been shown to alleviate negative emotionality associated with this model [53,72]. Further alternative approaches have been identified for improving affect in animals as well, including ferulic acid [49], resveratrol [52], tactile stimulation [56], fisetin [58], melatonin [22,77], CoQ10 [60], Yukmijihwang-won [61], carotenoids [85], electroacupuncture [22,79], and thymoquinone [66]. Drugs that promote neuro-recovery, such a cerebrolysin [61], and neuroprotection, such as TIQ and 1MeTIQ [50], provide further promise.…”