Anti-inflammatory and healing action of oral gel containing borneol monoterpene in chemotherapy-induced mucositis in rats ( Rattus norvegicus )

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gels containing the monoterpene borneol in induced oral mucositis using an animal model. Gels were prepared with borneol at 1.2% and 2.4% (w/w). Oral mucositis was induced by administration of three doses of 5-fluorouracil (30 mg/kg, i.p.) and injury with acetic acid (50%, v/v) soaked in filter paper applied to right cheek mucosa for 60s. Four subgroups comprising 12 animals each were formed. Six animals from each group were sacrificed at days seven and fourteen after oral mucositis induction. Mucous samples were processed and stained with hematoxylineosin and Masson's Trichrome. The semiquantitative evaluation involved observation of inflammatory parameters. ImageJ® software was used in the quantitative evaluation. For statistical analyses, Two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post-test (p <0.05), were employed. Borneol 2.4% gel proved effective in the treatment of oral mucositis with statistically significant differences between groups for angiogenesis control, inflammatory cell count reduction and percentage neoformed collagen increase. The confirmation of anti-inflammatory and healing action of borneol in oral mucositis in rats renders it a good marker for predicting this activity for plant extracts rich in this substance.

Chemical Profile, Anti-Microbial and Anti-Inflammaging Activities of Santolina rosmarinifolia L. Essential Oil from Portugal

“…Accordingly, several other studies reported the anti-inflammatory effect of borneol, by showing its capacity to inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated macrophages and by decreasing fever in a model of endotoxic fever [98]. The anti-inflammatory potential of borneol was validated in animal models of mucositis [99], acne [100] and carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration [101]. Myrcene and limonene, also found in high amounts in S. rosmarinifolia, decreased NO production in IL-1β-activated human chondrocytes (IC 50 = 37.3 and 85.3 µg/mL, respectively) [102] and LPS-activated macrophages, as well as in a model of pleurisy [103].…”

Current and Potential Applications of Monoterpenes and Their Derivatives in Oral Health Care

“…To address this, a study was conducted utilizing chemotherapy-induced mucositis in a Wister rat model to determine the efficacy of an oral gel containing borneol [157]. Borneol can be extracted from plants such as wild carrot (Daucus carota), common thyme (T. vulgaris), common sage (S. officinalis), and rosemary (S. rosmarinus) and is thought to have anti-inflammatory properties [31,37].…”

“…Borneol can be extracted from plants such as wild carrot (Daucus carota), common thyme (T. vulgaris), common sage (S. officinalis), and rosemary (S. rosmarinus) and is thought to have anti-inflammatory properties [31,37]. Results demonstrated that in animals treated with a 2.4% borneol oral gel, the cicatrization process improved at the seven-day time point when compared to the control [157]. Additionally, increased collagen levels and decreased inflammatory cell counts were observed.…”

Emerging approaches of wound healing in experimental models of high-grade oral mucositis induced by anticancer therapy

“…Natural health products (NHP) have also been studied mainly because of their antioxidant, antiinflammatory and healing effects as well as anticancer activity [64,[75][76][77][78]. In this regard, Buccal Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana Shaw) oil emulsion was successfully used as a mucoadhesive system to treat oral candidiasis [79].…”