The role of ischemic preconditioning and pentoxifylline in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury of rats

Abstract

Ischemic preconditioning or pentoxifylline alone protect the intestinal mucosa from ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, they do not have a synergistic effect when applied together.

The expression of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase and apoptosis in intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury under the action of ischemic preconditioning and pentoxifylline

“…Histological evaluation in our previous publication showed a favorable effect in the IPC-IR-SS and IPC-IR-PTX groups, which is in accordance with the hypothesis of a beneficial effect of IPC alone or PTX; however, the simultaneous action of both did not provide better protection 26 . Based on the common assumption that IR injury can go through distinct biomolecular pathways, we have proposed to study: (1) the immunochemistry expression of active caspase-3 and BCL-2 under the simultaneous action of IPC and PTX, which separately have a favorable effect on intestinal IR damages; and (2) the participation of NOS-2 and NOS-3 in the protective effects of IPC and PTX submitted to intestinal IR in rats, with the mRNA expression levels determined from epithelial cells.…”

Effect of pentoxifylline on kidney damage induced by nitrosamine in male rats

“…It is likely that nitrosamines increase the expression of xenobiotic metabolism through the induction of P450-dependent cytochrome, thereby enhancing the formation of ROS (3). Presumably, pentoxifylline reduces oxidative stress through cAMP (14). Previous findings on the pentoxifylline role in amikacin-induced kidney toxicity were consistent with the results of the present study (24).…”

“…Pentoxifylline, as a noncompetitive inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), activates protein kinase A, inhibits TNF and consequently reduces the production of leukotrienes and enhances innate immunity while reducing inflammation (13). Since pentoxifylline has diverse biochemical and antioxidant properties, it is capable of improving capillary blood flow and tissue oxygenation (14). The antioxidant effects of pentoxifylline on the neutrophils in response to superoxide are the result of NADPH oxidase (15).…”

The Role Of Pentoxifylline And Iloprost In Prevention Of Ischemia-reperfusion injury in Experimental Model Of Intestine Ischemia-reperfusion In Rats.

“…[20] Therefore, it is widely used in the medical treatment of peripheral arterial diseases. [4,5,10] Prostaglandins are biologically active mediators released from endothelial cells, smooth muscles, pericytes, fibroblasts, mast cells, leukocytes, and platelets. They have vasoactive functions that are thought to be important in an I/R injury.…”

“…[7][8][9] Additionally, it has been reported to reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory indices by suppressing the production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10). [10] Iloprost is frequently used in the treatment of diabetic foot, pulmonary arterial hypertension and peripheral vascular disease, such as Burger's disease. [11] It is a potent vasodilator and a member of the prostacyclin analog group, which has antiplatelet, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties.…”