Influence of water pH in oral changes caused by cadmium poisoning: an experimental study in rats

Martelli, Bianca Keller Lima; Melo, Diogo Milani de; Nai, Gisele Alborghetti; Parizi, José Luiz Santos

doi:10.1590/rou.2014.034

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The study by [19] , which also evaluated the influence of the pH on cadmium poisoning, albeit in the oral mucosa and salivary glands, reported no changes in buccal mucosa and tongue mucosa, despite direct contact, or salivary glands, even with exposure to high concentrations of cadmium in drinking water, regardless of the water pH. The same was observed for the esophageal mucosa in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Study of the influence of the ph of water in the initiation of digestive tract injury in cadmium poisoning in rats

et al. 2015

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Cancer has genetic and environmental causes, one of which is the ingestion of heavy metals such as cadmium.ObjectiveTo evaluate the lesions caused by cadmium poisoning in the digestive tract and the possible effect of the drinking water pH in the initiation of these lesions.Methods90 male Wistar rats were used, divided into six groups (n = 15): A – received 400 mg/l cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in drinking water at a neutral pH of 7.0; B – received CdCl2 (400 mg/l) in drinking water at an acidic pH of 5.0; C – received CdCl2 (400 mg/l) in drinking water at a basic pH of 8.0; D – received water at an acidic pH of 5.0; E – received water at a basic pH of 8.0; and F – received water at a neutral pH of 7.0. Animals were euthanized after 6 months. Samples of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine of each rat were removed for microscopic analysis.ResultsThere were no microscopic changes in either the esophagus or small and large intestines. Only cadmium-exposed animals showed mild dysplasia of the gastric mucosa (p = 0.012), regardless of the pH (p > 0.05).ConclusionCadmium exposure led to the formation of dysplastic lesions in the gastric glandular epithelium, regardless of the water pH.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Study of the influence of the ph of water in the initiation of digestive tract injury in cadmium poisoning in rats

et al. 2015

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“…7 Experimental study design. SG: saline group; LCG: low 2,4-D concentration group; MCG: middle 2,4-D concentration group; HCG: high 2,4-D concentration group; 1D: one nebulization; 2D: two nebulizations; 3D: three nebulizations; 8D: eight days after three nebulizations dysplastic lesions (0 = absent, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe dysplasia); and benign neoplastic lesions or malignant neoplastic lesions [21].…”

Section: Histopathological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measurements of tongue mucosa thickness were performed in two areas each [21] of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the tongue in all animals at 200x magnification using ImageJ® software from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), available free of charge on the Internet (http: //rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/).…”

Section: Histopathological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of buccal damage associated with acute inhalation exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in mice

et al. 2020

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Background: The herbicide dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is one of the most widely used crop spraying products in the world. Some pesticides induce the degranulation of mast cells and increase allergic responses. This is the first study to evaluate the damage to the oral mucosa after an experimental simulation of environmental inhalation exposure to the 2,4-D herbicide. The aim of this study was evaluate the possible oral damage caused by acute inhalation exposure to the herbicide 2,4-D. Results: There was a difference between the exposure concentrations in relation to tissue congestion intensity (p = 0.002) and mast cell counts (p = 0.002), a difference in the evaluation of the interaction between the exposure concentrations and nebulization time in the dorsum epithelium thickness (p = 0.013), and a significant correlation between the epithelial thickness and the number of nucleoli organizing regions on the dorsum of the tongue (p = 0.048). Conclusions: Even after acute exposure, the herbicide 2,4-D had the potential to damage the oral epithelium, especially at higher doses.

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“…The investigator who conducted the histopathological analysis was blinded and evaluated the following types of tongue lesions: congestion (0 = absent, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = marked); presence of hyperkeratosis (0 = absent, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = marked); presence of parakeratosis (0 = absent, 1 = focal, 2 = diffuse); presence and intensity of polymorphonuclear and / or mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate (0 = absent, 1 = discrete, 2 = moderate, 3 = intense); presence of individual cell necrosis (0 = absent, 1 = present); preneoplastic or dysplastic lesions (0 = absent, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe dysplasia); and benign neoplastic lesions or malignant neoplastic lesions [9].…”

Section: Histopathological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Buccal Damage Associated With Acute Inhalation Exposure to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) in Mice

Parizi

Tolardo

Lisboa

et al. 2020

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Background The herbicide dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is one of the most widely used crop spraying products in the world. Some pesticides induce the degranulation of mast cells and increase allergic responses. This is the first study to evaluate the damage to the oral mucosa after an experimental simulation of environmental inhalation exposure to the 2,4-D herbicide. The aim of this study was evaluate the possible oral damage caused by acute inhalation exposure to the herbicide 2,4-D. Methods A total of 80 Swiss male mice were divided into 4 groups (n = 20) and evaluated at different time intervals (24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 8 days), with 5 animals / period. The animals were divided into the following groups: SG: nebulization with sodium chloride solution; LCG: pesticide nebulization with 3.71 x 10 -3 grams of active ingredient per hectare (g.i.a. / ha); MCG: pesticide nebulization with 6.19 x 10 -3 g.i.a. /ha; and HCG: pesticide nebulization with 9.28 x 10 -3 g.i.a. /ha. The tongues of the mice were collected for histopathological analysis. Results There was a difference between the exposure concentrations in relation to tissue congestion intensity (p = 0.002) and mast cell counts (p = 0.002), a difference in the evaluation of the interaction between the exposure concentrations and nebulization time in the dorsum epithelium thickness (p = 0.013), and a significant correlation between the epithelial thickness and the number of nucleoli organizing regions on the dorsum of the tongue (p = 0.048). Conclusions Even after acute exposure, the herbicide 2,4-D had the potential to damage the oral epithelium, especially at higher doses.

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Influence of water pH in oral changes caused by cadmium poisoning: an experimental study in rats

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Study of the influence of the ph of water in the initiation of digestive tract injury in cadmium poisoning in rats

Study of the influence of the ph of water in the initiation of digestive tract injury in cadmium poisoning in rats

Evaluation of buccal damage associated with acute inhalation exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in mice

Evaluation of Buccal Damage Associated With Acute Inhalation Exposure to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) in Mice

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