Transporting live silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) with salt addition does not mitigate fish stress and negatively affects meat quality

Rosa, Sheron Scholze; Baldan, Ana Paula; Bendhack, Fabiano; Paschoal, Aline Fernanda Lopes; Cordeiro, Ananda Leticia Almeida; Kirschnik, Peter Gaberz; Borges, Tâmara Duarte; Macedo, Renata Ernlund Freitas de

doi:10.1590/fst.23318

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…R . quelen exposed to 8.0–12.0 g L −1 of NaCl had no effects on the serum cortisol, potassium and sodium levels, plasma glucose levels and glycogen after transportation (Rosa et al, 2019), indicating a mitigation of stress. Transportation of Brycon amazonicus for 4 h in water with 0.1–0.6 g L −1 of NaCl showed no changes with the levels of plasma cortisol, glucose, total protein and haemoglobin, haematocrit and erythrocytes values.…”

Section: Concentrations Of Nacl During and Post‐handling Procedures In The Freshwater Fish Farmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity, physiological, histopathological, handling, growth and antiparasitic effects of the sodium chloride (salt) in the freshwater fish aquaculture

Tavares‐Dias¹

2021

Aquaculture Research

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This paper provides the currently available knowledge in the literature regarding the use of sodium chloride (NaCl) in freshwater fish aquaculture and aquaria as related to toxicity, growth performance, transportation, physiology, immunity, histomorphology and antiparasitic treatment. This review assessed and discussed all of these factors, as well as the potential strategies available to be used in fish farming. Acute toxicity to NaCl varies widely among fish species (3.5-150.0 g L −1 ) depending on some environment factors, and many fish species are sensitive to concentrations near those required for their development, growth or for controlling and treating parasites. Acute exposure to NaCl may lead to mortality in different fish species, cause changes in feeding and swimming behaviour, as well as in growth performance and histomorphology of gills, while sublethal concentrations are less harmful. To reduce stress during transport of freshwater fish, concentrations of 1.0-10.0 g L −1 of NaCl in water have been tested for some fish species. Data have shown that survival, body growth of fish, food intake and stimulation of food conversion are affected by the NaCl concentration.Moreover, the effects of NaCl on the immune system, physiology and behaviour must also be considered. Sodium chloride may be a chemotherapeutic for controlling and treating ectoparasite diseases in farmed freshwater fish because of its effectiveness and low cost, but this compound may not be used in high or extreme toxic concentrations, since the maximum tolerance may be near the therapeutic doses. Therefore, this chemical product should be used with parsimony in fish farming. K E Y W O R D Saquaculture, blood, fish, growth, parasites, treatment | ACUTE TOXICITY OF NaCl IN FRESHWATER FISH SPECIESKnowledge on the tolerance limits of freshwater fish to NaCl is of ecological significance in assessing fish distribution and their impact on ecosystems, as well as for management practices in fish farms.The most common laboratory measure of NaCl tolerance is the concentration that is lethal to 50% of individuals (LC 50 ) over periods of 24-96 h. Such determinations are experimental and establish a causal link between the salinity and mortality. Some species of freshwater fish tolerate high concentrations of NaCl for longer periods when compared with other freshwater fish species (Table 1), and concentrations may be near the lethal concentration for the fish species. However, they lack consideration of other changes in the water quality that may occur with an increased salinity. Thus, it is necessary to know beforehand the mean lethal concentration (LC 50 ) for each species of fish as well as the environmental conditions for exposure to NaCl.How to cite this article: Tavares-Dias, M. (2022). Toxicity, physiological, histopathological, handling, growth and antiparasitic effects of the sodium chloride (salt) in the freshwater fish aquaculture.

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Section: Concentrations Of Nacl During and Post‐handling Procedures In The Freshwater Fish Farmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity, physiological, histopathological, handling, growth and antiparasitic effects of the sodium chloride (salt) in the freshwater fish aquaculture

Tavares‐Dias¹

2021

Aquaculture Research

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“…The addition of common salt (NaCl) in the water reduces the osmotic difference between the external environment and the plasma of some species of aquatic animals, decreasing the stress in transport and handling in culture environments (Zandsrs and Rodriguez 1992). However, there are cases in which this effect is not observed (Rosa et al 2019). Sea salt, in turn, presents better results regarding its tolerance by aquatic animals due to its more adequate pro le for the adaptation of these beings to its mixture with freshwater in natural environments (Salaro et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinity tolerance and water ionic balance in Macrobrachium jelskii post-larvae

Bandeira

Melo

Gemaque

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Considering that salts are widely used in prawn farming and that studies on their impacts on the aquatic ecosystem have not been identified, this study aimed to evaluate the possible changes caused by acute exposure of Macrobrachium jelskii prawn to sodium chloride and salt marine, through acute toxicity test and histopathological study. Prawn postlarvae (0.2112±0.34 g) were exposed to different concentrations of NaCl, 0 (control) to 26‰; and sea salt, 0 (control) to 35‰; for 96 h. In each duplicate treatment, seven prawns were kept in 2 L beakers for 96 h, with temperature, photoperiod, and pH-controlled, without any loss in the control group. To estimate the median lethal salinity (LS50-96h) the “Trimmed Spearman Karber method” program was used. The LS50-96h for NaCl was estimated to be 14.50‰ with a safety level of 1.45‰ and for the sea salt LS50-96h of 26.35‰ with a safety level of 2.63‰. It was also observed that at the concentration of 23‰ of artificial marine salinity, no mortality was observed, reflecting a narrow line between innocuous and deleterious salinity for M. jelskii post-larvae. At the end of the acute toxicity tests, the prawns were fixed and processed for staining in Hematoxylin and Eosin (H.E), Periodic acid-reactive Schiff (P.A.S), Blue Alcian (A.B), and Immunohistochemistry. For branchial histopathological studies, their histological sections were evaluated with an optical microscope. The main branchial alterations observed were hyperplasia, hypertrophy, cellular swelling, detachment of the respiratory epithelium, pillar cell rupture, some secondary lamella fusions, and necrosis.

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“…The practice of adding salt to water for transportation of freshwater fish as an attempt to mitigate transport stress is questionable [15,4] and contradicted by other studies [3,16]. This conflict is attributed to differences among fish species that have different response capacities [17].…”

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confidence: 99%

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) response and salt mitigation effect post 5 hours transportation stress

Ali Alsagheer,

Abd El Aziz Ahmed Abd El Galil,

Abd Allah Mousa

et al. 2024

International Journal of Comprehensive Veterinary Research

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In aquaculture facilities, routine processes such as live transportation has been done on the Nile tilapia juvenile to be reared and for breeding purposes. Live transportation activates the stress response compromising welfare of fish In the current study, a 5hour transport stress model was used to investigate how Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus), especially the skin, responds to transportation stress and to detect the salt's mitigation effect on such stress. A total of 150 Oreochromis niloticus (53±3gm) were divided into three equal groups. The first was a non-transported control group (P1), the second was the (PT2) group, in which the fish were transported in a salt free water and the third was the (PT3) group, where a 5 g/L of salt was added to the water during transportation. The study results revealed that water pH and the dissolved oxygen levels decreased non-significantly ,while the total ammonia level increased significantly in the PT2 and PT3 groups compared with the control group. Survival rates of O. niloticus were 90 % and 96 % in PT2 and PT3 groups, respectively. In addition to , the bacterial colony forming units (CFU) in the liver and spleen of the P1 group was negligible(0.17 x 10 3 g -1 ), however it was highly and progressively raised in the PT2 group and slightly elevated in PT3 group compared with the P1 group. Moreover , the serum glucose level at 0 hour post transportation was significantly higher in the PT2 group while no significant difference was recorded in the PT3 group comparing to the control group. However, at 12 h and 24hours serum glucose significantly decreased in both PT2 and PT3 groups, but no significant differences between the two groups were found. The histopathological study of the skin revealed marked differences in the PT2, PT3 groups compared with the control group. This study indicated that transportation had stressful effects on O. niloticus, and Nacl helped in mitigating the transport stress effects.

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Transporting live silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) with salt addition does not mitigate fish stress and negatively affects meat quality

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Toxicity, physiological, histopathological, handling, growth and antiparasitic effects of the sodium chloride (salt) in the freshwater fish aquaculture

Toxicity, physiological, histopathological, handling, growth and antiparasitic effects of the sodium chloride (salt) in the freshwater fish aquaculture

Salinity tolerance and water ionic balance in Macrobrachium jelskii post-larvae

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) response and salt mitigation effect post 5 hours transportation stress

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