In-vitro bioaccessibility of antioxidant properties of bee pollen in Turkey

Abstract

The study aims to determine certain physicochemical properties (moisture, ash, titratable acidity, pH, and color), total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC, ABTS, DPPH) and bioaccessibility of 20 bee pollen samples (10 unpackaged and 10 trademarked products in their original packages) sold in Turkey. The total phenolic content of the bee pollen samples was detected as 147.10-462.02 mg GAE/g and bioaccessibility ranged from 36.91% to 77.87%. The highest total value for antioxidant capacity was assessed as 83.24-257.27 μmol TE/g by the CUPRAC method. When the bioaccessibility of the antioxidant capacity of bee pollen was compared among the methods, the highest value (95.76%) was obtained for the sample M by the CUPRAC method. Antioxidant capacity and bioaccessibility of the unpackaged bee pollen samples were lower than those of the trademarked products. Based on overall evaluations, it can be deduced that bee pollen known for its potential beneficial effects on health may well be used as a functional food additive in the production of various food products with its high antioxidant and bioaccessibility features.

Screening of Plant Pollen Sources, Polyphenolic Compounds, Fatty Acids and Antioxidant/Antimicrobial Activity from Bee Pollen

“…Anzer pollen was found to have remarkable antioxidant activity (11.77 to 105.06 µmol Trolox/g pollen) in a similar study [ 24 ]. Altıner et al [ 36 ] investigated the antioxidant capacity of extracts of bee pollen from specific floral regions in Turkey. Altıner et al [ 36 ] reported that antioxidant capacities of pollen samples were 83.24–257.27 μmol TE/g by the CUPRAC method.…”

“…Altıner et al [ 36 ] investigated the antioxidant capacity of extracts of bee pollen from specific floral regions in Turkey. Altıner et al [ 36 ] reported that antioxidant capacities of pollen samples were 83.24–257.27 μmol TE/g by the CUPRAC method.…”

Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Properties of Bee-Collected Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) Pollen

“…However, there is still a lack of data about hydrolyzable fraction of phenolics in pollen since most of the reports actually monitored just extractable phenolic fractions. To the best of our knowledge, the first report about hydrolyzable phenolic fraction (authors referred to it as insoluble-bound) was recently made for raw pine pollen from China [24] as well as for commercially obtained pollen samples from Turkey [25]. Authors pointed out that the hydrolyzable fraction was predominant compared to the extractable fraction.…”

“…In addition, for pollen produced from some bee pastures, there is still insufficient data about the phytochemical profiles. One of the most important properties of pollen is good antioxidant activity [3,7,21,[25][26][27][28] which can be connected to its suitable chemical composition and above all, the presence of different phenolic compounds. According to literature, the main antioxidants in pollen are small molecular weight compounds mostly phenolics and vitamin C as hydrophilic components, and vitamin E as lipophilic antioxidants [15] Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) is a cultivated variety of the wild cardoon (C. cardunculus) firstly grown and applied in the Mediterranean region.…”

Characterization of antioxidant activity and analysis of phenolic acids and flavonoids in linden honey

“…The process of antioxidant involves many bioactive substances and different mechanisms of reducing free radicals, which leads to the lack of accurate results of a single antioxidant evaluation method. In addition, the chemical composition of the food, the type of active compounds and the interaction between active compounds will also lead to different evaluation methods to obtain different measurement results (Dulger Altiner et al, 2021;Karadag et al, 2009;Sariburun et al, 2010). Therefore, in this experiment, DPPH, ABTS and PRAP methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant capacities of honey, and the relationship between antioxidant capacities and TPC and TFC was analyzed.…”