Characterization of brazilian wheat cultivars in terms of nitrogen use efficiency

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) management in wheat crop is one of the most studied agricultural practices in Brazil; however, there are few reports on its use efficiency. The objective of this study was to characterize 18 Brazilian wheat cultivars, which are representative and have been recently released to cultivation, for nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The experiments were carried out in Pato Branco, Paraná, and Coxilha, Rio Grande do Sul, during the 2011 crop season. It was used a randomized block design with three replications, in factorial scheme (2 environments × 18 cultivars). Genetic variability was observed for nitrogen utilization efficiency by grains (NUtEg=47.6 to 81.1 kg kg -1 ) and nitrogen harvest index (NHI=71.3 to 84.6%) with significant effects relating to the environment of cultivation and performance of these traits. The evaluation of the protein concentration of grain by near infrared spectrometry (GPC N ) produced equivalent results to the direct analytical method of Kjeldahl (GPC K ), in Pato Branco (r=0.56) and Coxilha (RS) (r=0.80). However the CPG N overestimated the protein values by 16.85%. The GPC and protein yield were positively correlated with NUtEg and NHI. The best performance for the traits associated with NUE was observed for the following cultivars: Mirante, Quartzo, Fundacep Cristalino, Fundacep Raízes and CD 150. This is the first report of differences between Brazilian wheat cultivars for nitrogen use efficiency.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., grain yield, nitrogen harvest index, SDS sedimentation, grain protein concentration. Caracterização de cultivares de trigo em termos de eficiência do uso do nitrogênioResumo O manejo do nitrogênio (N) na cultura do trigo é uma das práticas agrícolas mais estudadas no Brasil, entretanto ainda são poucos os relatos sobre a sua eficiência de uso. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar 18 cultivares de trigo brasileiras representativas e recentemente disponibilizados para cultivo quanto à eficiência do uso do N (EUN). Os experimentos foram executados em Pato Branco, PR, e Coxilha, RS, na safra agrícola de 2011. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial (2 ambientes × 18 cultivares), em três repetições. Foi possível identificar variabilidade genética para a eficiência do uso do nitrogênio pelos grãos (EUNg = 47,6 a 81,1 kg kg -1 N) e índice de colheita de nitrogênio (ICN = 71,3 a 84,6%), com efeito do local de cultivo sobre o desempenho desses parâmetros. A avaliação da concentração proteica dos grãos por espectrometria de infravermelho próximo (CPG N ) produziu resultados equivalentes ao método analítico direto de Kjeldahl (CPG K ), em Pato Branco, PR (r = 0,56), e Coxilha, RS (r = 0,80), porém o CPG N superestimou os resultados em 16,85%. A CPG K e o rendimento de proteína (RP) foram positivamente associados com a EUNg. As cultivares Mirante, Quartzo, Fundacep Cristalino, Fundacep Raízes e CD 150 apresentaram melhor desempenho para os caracteres associados à EUN. Esse é o primeiro relato que mostra di...

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