Is heart rate variability a feasible method to determine anaerobic threshold in progressive resistance exercise in coronary artery disease?

Abstract

BackgroundRecent studies have shown that the magnitude of the metabolic and autonomic responses during progressive resistance exercise (PRE) is associated with the determination of the anaerobic threshold (AT). AT is an important parameter to determine intensity in dynamic exercise.ObjectivesTo investigate the metabolic and cardiac autonomic responses during dynamic resistance exercise in patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD).MethodTwenty men (age = 63±7 years) with CAD [Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) = 60±10%] underwent a PRE protocol on a leg press until maximal exertion. The protocol began at 10% of One Repetition Maximum Test (1-RM), with subsequent increases of 10% until maximal exhaustion. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) indices from Poincaré plots (SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2) and time domain (rMSSD and RMSM), and blood lactate were determined at rest and during PRE.ResultsSignificant alterations in HRV and blood lactate were observed starting at 30% of 1-RM (p<0.05). Bland-Altman plots revealed a consistent agreement between blood lactate threshold (LT) and rMSSD threshold (rMSSDT) and between LT and SD1 threshold (SD1T). Relative values of 1-RM in all LT, rMSSDT and SD1T did not differ (29%±5 vs 28%±5 vs 29%±5 Kg, respectively).ConclusionHRV during PRE could be a feasible noninvasive method of determining AT in CAD patients to plan intensities during cardiac rehabilitation.

Influence of expiratory positive airway pressure on cardiac autonomic modulation at rest and in submaximal exercise in COPD patients

“…It has been described in the scientific literature that during discontinuous resistance exercise in an elderly population, the integrative responses between muscular metabolism and autonomic cardiac control are more evident at aerobic metabolism to anaerobic transition during exercise ( 33 ), and these factors, as aerobic capacity, may have an influence on cardiac autonomic control ( 34 , 35 ). In coronary artery disease and chronic heart failure patients, HRV is a feasible tool in clinical practice to determine anaerobic threshold and it can be safe and appropriate to determine exercise intensity ( 36 , 37 ). Although having a different population and exercise protocol than our study, those findings may support the association between lactate at rest with autonomic modulation during 6MWT with EPAP in COPD patients.…”

Are heart rate dynamics in the transition from rest to submaximal exercise related to maximal cardiorespiratory responses in COPD?

“…Small reductions in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) increase cardiovascular risk in COPD patients by two to three times compared to healthy humans. 9 In turn, the six-minute walk test (6MWT), a simple and inexpensive test, can be easily carried out to assess high-intensity submaximal exercise capacity in COPD patients. 3 , 10 , 11 Since most of the daily activities (DA) for these patients are performed at high-intensity submaximal levels, the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) provides data about functional capacity, response to therapy, and prognosis.…”

Negligible Effects of Nutraceuticals from Beetroot Extract on Cardiovascular and Autonomic Recovery Response following Submaximal Aerobic Exercise in Physically Active Healthy Males: A Randomized Trial

“…On the other hand, at the end of the exercise, generally the high-intensity interval requires a longer time until the withdrawal of meta-bore-flex and removal of muscle metabolites [37]. Since these questions have a relationship with the re-establishment of parasympathetic modulation to the heart after exercise [38], the beetroot compounds can be more effective in removing metabolites in high-intensity exercise [39].…”