Allergic contact dermatitis to shoes: contribution of a specific series to the diagnosis

Abstract

BackgroundIn our country, the Brazilian Standard Series is the most used for the etiological diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis to shoes. However, there is no assessment of the usefulness of specific allergens for shoes.ObjectivesTo measure the improvement in diagnostic accuracy of allergic contact dermatitis to shoes with the use of a specific complementary series in patch testing and describe the characteristics of the affected population, such as gender, location of lesions, time of evolution, and the most common allergens.MethodsThis retrospective study evaluated the results of 52 patients with suspected shoe dermatitis subjected to patch tests with the standard and specific series to quantify the gain in diagnostic accuracy.ResultsAmong the 52 suspected cases, 29 cases (56%) were confirmed. In 13 (45%) cases the diagnosis was determined through the specific series, which results in an 81% increase in the number of diagnoses.Study limitationSmall sample size.ConclusionsWomen were more commonly affected, with a mean time for the final diagnosis of 45 months, and the most common localization was the dorsum of the feet. There was an increase in diagnostic accuracy with the introduction of new haptens in the patch test of patients with suspected shoes dermatitis.

Patch test results in patients with suspected contact allergy to shoes: Retrospective IVDK data analysis 2009–2018

“…The sensitization rate in our study (9.8%) was in the same range as described in a similarly designed Brazilian study. 12 It is interesting to note that it was lower than described in a previous IVDK data analysis (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010) of patients with foot dermatitis. 3 According to EU regulation No.…”

“…This is in contrast to our earlier data on foot dermatitis 3 and data on shoe dermatitis patients from Belgium, 40 but it is in line with some other studies on contact allergy due to shoes. 10,12 Cobalt has recently gained more attention as a relevant allergen in leather consumer goods. 50,51 PTBP-FR is considered as the most prominent occupational allergen encountered by shoemakers and repairers, 6 but has also been described as a relevant contact allergen in patients with shoe dermatitis.…”

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11] Various studies on the causative allergens in shoe dermatitis from different regions of the world, such as North America, Indonesia, Brazil, and India, have been published in recent years. 10,[12][13][14][15] However, current large-scale studies on shoe dermatitis from Central Europe are missing. About 10 years ago, footwear dermatitis due to dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in leather was reported in parallel to the epidemic of "sofa dermatitis" due to DMF used as antimycotic substance at that time.…”

“…Various studies on the causative allergens in shoe dermatitis from different regions of the world, such as North America, Indonesia, Brazil, and India, have been published in recent years 10,12‐15 . However, current large‐scale studies on shoe dermatitis from Central Europe are missing.…”

A detailed study of allergic contact dermatitis, clinical patterns, allergens and patch testing

“…Potassium Dichromate has been an important constituent of leather shoes. 2 In a study by Lazzarini R et. al., (2018), it was disclosed that rubber (55.2%), metals (38%), leather (31%) and adhesives (13.8%) being the important subcomponents of shoes that were responsible for foot or toe lesions.…”