Wound healing - A literature review

Abstract

Regeneration and tissue repair processes consist of a sequence of molecular and cellular events which occur after the onset of a tissue lesion in order to restore the damaged tissue. The exsudative, proliferative, and extracellular matrix remodeling phases are sequential events that occur through the integration of dynamic processes involving soluble mediators, blood cells, and parenchymal cells. Exsudative phenomena that take place after injury contribute to the development of tissue edema. The proliferative stage seeks to reduce the area of tissue injury by contracting myofibroblasts and fibroplasia. At this stage, angiogenesis and reepithelialization processes can still be observed. Endothelial cells are able to differentiate into mesenchymal components, and this difference appears to be finely orchestrated by a set of signaling proteins that have been studied in the literature. This pathway is known as Hedgehog. The purpose of this review is to describe the various cellular and molecular aspects involved in the skin healing process.

Novel insight into wound healing properties of methanol extract of Capparis ovata Desf. var. palaestina Zohary fruits

“…Four days after the lesion, the granulation tissue is formed through the following mechanisms: an increase in fibroblastic proliferation; collagenous and elastic biosynthesis, which creates a three‐dimensional extracellular network of connective tissue; and the production of chemotactic factors and IFN‐β (interferon beta) by fibroblasts . In this way, granulation tissue is one of the indicators to determine of wound treatment.…”

Casearia sylvestris Improved Cutaneous Burn Repair in Diabetic Rats

“…During the first healing phase it occurs hemostasis, leukocyte migration and the onset of the tissue repair cascade with the migration of neutrophils from the blood vessels to the injury site [48], with subsequent reduction of this cell type. Thus, in this experimental model, C. sylvestris favored the increase of MPO, a neutrophil marker, in the initial healing period especially when associated with diabetes, to a reduction in the last studied periods.…”

“…One of the functions of macrophages is the synthesis of the EGF (epidermal growth factor) and FGF (fibroblast growth factor), which favor the chemotaxis and proliferation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes, and PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) that, in addition to these functions, is involved in the turnover of collagen, with degradation of type III collagen and synthesis of collagen I [48,51]. Thus, C. sylvestris benefited the presence of macrophages in the last experimental period promoted at the chemotaxis of fibroblasts, which in turn, synthesized collagen by reestablishing the injured ECM, making up the remodeling phase.…”

Observation of deep oscillation usage and its effectiveness on burn scars – case report

“…Every organism that has undergone tissue damage as a result of mechanical trauma, surgical intervention, or any other past injuries aims at immediate recovery [1]. Wound healing is a dynamic and congeneric process, which in ideal conditions results in re-establishing the continuity and the functionality.…”