Expansion of invasive Ceratium furcoides (Dinophyta) toward north-central Brazil: new records in tropical environments

Abstract

Aim We record new occurrences of the invasive species Ceratium furcoides in reservoirs and their affluents in the Paraná River basin, State of Goiás (GO), central-western Brazil, and in some localities in the São Francisco River basin, northeastern region. Methods Qualitative and quantitative phytoplankton samples were collected from Corumbá Reservoir and Cascatinha Falls, Caldas Novas, GO, and João Leite Reservoir, Goiânia, GO, both in the Paraná River basin, and samples from the São Franscisco River basin. Specimens of C. furcoides were observed with optical, epifluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Results The individuals of C. furcoides from these environments agreed morphologically with populations in other reservoirs in Brazil and other locations, especially concerning the tabulation and the shape of the fourth apical plate. These environments ranged from oligotrophic to eutrophic conditions. Physical and chemical variables of these waterbodies, compared to other environments where this species was found, demonstrate that C. furcoides is a highly eurytopic species. The dispersal pattern of C. furcoides seems to be more complex than upstream-downstream regulation, since the species occurs in high-altitude environments and systems upstream from previously recorded locations. Conclusion An analysis based on the areas of occurrence and the chronology of the records demonstrated that C. furcoides has spread toward northern Brazil. Studies of the relationships among populations recorded in other parts of Brazil and South America are required in order to develop accurate models of dispersal for this invasive species, and will facilitate the development of management policies for aquatic systems in Brazil.

PRIMEIRO REGISTRO DA ESPÉCIE INVASORA Ceratium furcoides (LEVANDER) LANGHANS 1925 (DINOPHYCEAE) NO LAGO PARANOÁ, DISTRITO FEDERAL

“…mL -1 . Contudo, a presença de C. furcoides neste reservatório urbano localizado na região central do Brasil reforça sua estabilização em sistemas lênticos e avanço pela bacia hidrográfica do Paraná (e.g., Santos-Wisniewski et al 2007, Matsumura-Tundisi et al 2010, Nishimura et al 2015, Cavalcante et al 2016, Crossetti et al 2018, Silva et al 2018. No reservatório Maestra, no Rio Grande do Sul, a floração de C. furcoides foi reportada apenas sete meses após a constatação da presença deste dinoflagelado em um reservatório vizinho a 10 km de distância (Cavalcante et al 2016).…”

“…No Brasil, C. furcoides foi primeiramente observado por Santos-Wisniewski et al (2007) no reservatório de Furnas, no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Desde então, a presença deste dinoflagelado tem sido reportada com frequência em diferentes ambientes aquáticos continentais brasileiros (Matsumura-Tundisi et al 2010, Silva et al 2012, Moreira et al 2015, Nishimura et al 2015, Oliveira et al 2016, Crossetti et al 2018, Silva et al 2018. Em vários dos exemplos citados, a espécie esteve associada a episódios de floração cujas consequências variam desde mudanças na estrutura da comunidade zooplanctônica, morte de peixes e invertebrados, à deterioração da qualidade da água (Hart & Wragg 2009).…”

“…Box-plot graphs with morphometric variables of Ceratium furcoides of sites A, C and D at Lake Paranoá(Federal District, Brasília, Brazil) during rainy and dry seasons within August/2016 to August/2017. em 2015, confirmados posteriormente porSilva et al (2018). Cerca de um ano depois, no presente estudo, tem-se o primeiro registro de C. furcoides no Lago Paranoá, o qual se situa na mesma bacia hidrográfica (Paraná), a aproximadamente 70 km de distância ao norte.…”

Ceratium furcoides (Levander) Langhans: first record in Nova Avanhandava reservoir, Southeast Brazil

“…Since its first occurrence of Ceratium furcoides in 2007 on Furnas reservoir in Minas Gerais, 13 new studies have been published, whose results document the dispersion of the species to all regions of Brazil, except the Northern Region (Santos-Wisniewski 2007, Matsumura-Tundisi et al 2010, Oliveira et al 2011, Pires et al 2012, Cavalcante et al 2013, Cassol et al 2014, Jati et al 2014, Moreira et al 2015, Nishimura et al 2015, Cavalcante et al 2016, Silva et al 2018, Crossetti et al, 2019, Roriz et al 2019. In the State of São Paulo, the specie has been registered on the reservoirs: Billings (Matsumura-Tundisi et al 2010), Barra Bonita, Itupararanga and Mirinheirinho (Pires et al 2012), Billings and Guarapiranga (Nishimura et al, 2015), Jaguari e Jacareí (Hackbart et al, 2015), Ilha Solteira (Rosini et al, 2016), Lago das Garças (Crossetti et al, 2019).…”

“…Species of the genus Ceratium are considered invasive in continental aquatic environments of South America (Silva et al 2012, Pereira et al 2013, Cavalcante et al 2016, Crossetti et al 2019. The species Ceratium furcoides (Levander) Langhans demonstrates easy adaptation to different temperatures, trophies and physical and chemical conditions of the water thus presenting rapid dispersal and establishment in tropical reservoirs, including Brazilian ones, whose records of the species have been frequent (Santos-Wisniewski et al 2007, Matsumura-Tundisi et al 2010, Oliveira et al 2011, Cavalcante et al 2013, Jati et al 2014, Nishimura et al 2015, Oliveira et al 2016, Rosini et al 2016, Campanelli et al 2017, Silva et al 2018, Roriz et al 2019.…”