Modified rain attenuation prediction method considering the effect of wind direction

Mello, Luiz da Silva; Pontes, M.S.; Fagundes, Igor Freitas; Almeida, M. P.; Andrade, F. J. A.

doi:10.1590/s2179-10742014000200012

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Rainfall evaluation against data from nearby gauges was found to be possible for 116 links from a network of 213 CMLs. Previously, da Silva Mello et al (2002) studied the attenuation along ML due to rainfall for São Paulo. They used six links (7-43 km) with frequencies between 15 and 18 GHz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall retrieval with commercial microwave links in São Paulo, Brazil

et al. 2018

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Abstract. In the last decade there has been a growing interest from the hydrometeorological community regarding rainfall estimation from commercial microwave link (CML) networks. Path-averaged rainfall intensities can be retrieved from the signal attenuation between cell phone towers. Although this technique is still in development, it offers great opportunities for the retrieval of rainfall rates at high spatiotemporal resolutions very close to the Earth's surface. Rainfall measurements at high spatiotemporal resolutions are highly valued in urban hydrology, for instance, given the large impact that flash floods exert on society. Flash floods are triggered by intense rainfall events that develop over short time scales. Here, we present one of the first evaluations of this measurement technique for a humid subtropical climate. Rainfall estimation for subtropical climates is highly relevant, as many countries with few surface rainfall observations are located in such areas. The test bed of the current study is the Brazilian city of São Paulo. The open-source algorithm RAINLINK was applied to retrieve rainfall intensities from (power) attenuation measurements. The performance of RAINLINK estimates was evaluated for 145 of the 213 CMLs in the São Paulo metropolitan area for which we received data, for 81 days between October 2014 and January 2015. We evaluated the retrieved rainfall intensities and accumulations from CMLs against those from a dense automatic gauge network. Results were found to be promising and encouraging when it comes to capturing the city-average rainfall dynamics. Mixed results were obtained for individual CML estimates, which may be related to erroneous metadata.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall retrieval with commercial microwave links in São Paulo, Brazil

et al. 2018

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“…The proper scaling mechanism regarding these parameters is yet to be devised. The ITU-R model is the most significant model that has been moderated for tropical regions by many researchers [29,[142][143][144][145][146]. However, these models do not support the scaling properties.…”

Section: Scaling Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Rain Fade Models for Earth–Space Telecommunication Links—Taxonomy, Methods, and Comparative Study

2021

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Satellite communication is a promising transmission technique to implement 5G and beyond networks. Attenuation due to rain begins at a frequency of 10 GHz in temperate regions. However, some research indicates that such attenuation effects start from 5–7 GHz, especially in tropical regions. Therefore, modeling rain attenuation is significant for propagating electromagnetic waves to achieve the required quality of service. In this survey, different slant link rain attenuation prediction models have been examined, classified, and analyzed, and various features like improvements, drawbacks, and particular aspects of these models have been tabulated. This survey provides various techniques for obtaining input data sets, including rain height, efficient trajectory length measurement techniques, and rainfall rate conversion procedures. No survey of the Earth–space link models for rain attenuation is available to the best of our knowledge. In this study, 23 rain attenuation models have been investigated. For easy readability and conciseness, the details of each model have not been included. The comparative analysis will assist in propagation modeling and planning the link budget of slant links.

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Rain attenuation of millimetre wave above 10 GHz for terrestrial links in tropical regions

Shayea

Rahman

Azmi

et al. 2018

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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Millimeter waves (mm‐waves) within frequency bands of 10 to 86 GHz will be used for both microwave and access link fifth‐generation (5G) systems. Thus, it is very important to investigate these bands to ensure reliability when 5G is applied in tropical regions like Malaysia in the coming few years. One of the major obstacles facing the propagation of mm‐waves in tropical regions is the rain attenuation. Rainfall results in the absorption, scattering, and diffraction of radio waves. This contributes to increased transmission losses and a reduction in the received signal levels. The effect is more severe in tropical regions that are characterized by intense heavy rainfall and large raindrop sizes. This paper provides a general overview on rain attenuation of mm‐wave bands. It highlights the nature of rain in tropical regions and its effects on the propagation of mm‐waves. It also reports the latest measurement studies focused on rain attenuation in mm‐wave frequency bands and the prediction methods used to estimate rain attenuation in mm‐waves. It contributes to the understanding of channel behavior and the characterization of mm‐wave bands during rainfall in tropical regions, especially in Malaysia. This study further strives to determine research gaps in this field as well as the future work and various propagation measurement systems that can be used to conduct real measurements and to develop prediction models for rain attenuation in mm‐waves for 5G systems. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the rain rate and rain attenuation on the basis of real measurement data conducted in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia at Skudai Campus, Malaysia. The analyzed results indicated that the rain attenuation at 38 GHz is critical and it can result in 18.4 dB/km as specific rain attenuation at 0.01% percentage of the time.

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Modified rain attenuation prediction method considering the effect of wind direction

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Rainfall retrieval with commercial microwave links in São Paulo, Brazil

Rainfall retrieval with commercial microwave links in São Paulo, Brazil

A Survey of Rain Fade Models for Earth–Space Telecommunication Links—Taxonomy, Methods, and Comparative Study

Rain attenuation of millimetre wave above 10 GHz for terrestrial links in tropical regions

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