Unified method for the prediction of rain attenuation in satellite and terrestrial links

Mello, Luiz da Silva; Pontes, M.S.

doi:10.1590/s2179-10742012000100001

Cited by 42 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As clarified in the last paragraph, rain characteristics in tropical regions may cause a real obstacle against the propagation of mm‐wave signals. Raindrops may interact with the propagated signal by imposing various physical effects such as scattering, reflection, absorption, depolarization, and rain temperature . Each raindrop will act as an obstacle facing the microwave signal, particularly, when raindrop size is comparable to the signal wavelength as depicted in Figure .…”

Section: Precipitation Impact On Mm‐wavementioning

confidence: 99%

Rain attenuation and worst month statistics verification and modeling for 5G radio link system at 26 GHz in Malaysia

Shayea

Nissirat

Nisirat

et al. 2019

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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The explosive daily dependence on wireless communication services necessitates the research to establish ultrawideband communication systems with ultrahigh bit rate transmission capabilities. The advent of the fifth-generation (5G) microwave link transmitting at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequency band is a promising technology to accommodate the escalating demand for wireless services. In this frequency band, however, the behavior of the transmission channel and its climatic properties are a major concern. This is of particular importance in tropical regions where the climate is mainly rainy with large raindrop size and high rainfall rate that may interact destructively with the propagating signal and cause total attenuation for the signal. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) introduced a global rain attenuation model to characterize the effect of rain on the propagating signal at a wideband of frequencies. The validity of this model in tropical regions is still an open question for research. In this paper, real measurements are conducted at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia, to investigate the impact of rain on the propagation of mm-waves at 26 GHz over the microwave 5G radio link system. Rainfall rate and rain attenuation data sets are collected for one year at one sample per min sampling rate. Both data sets are used to estimate signal propagation conditions in comparison to the ITU model prediction. From the presented results, it is found that at 0.01% percentage of time and rainfall rate of about 120 mm/hr, the propagated signal would experience 26.2 dB losses per kilometer traveled. In addition, there is a significant deviation between the empirical estimation of the worst month parameters and the ITU worst month parameter prediction. Similarly, rainfall rate and rain attenuation estimated through the ITU model imposes a large deviation as compared with the measurements. Furthermore, more accurate empirical worst month parameters are proposed that yielded more accurate estimation of the worst month rainfall and rain attenuation predictions in comparison to the ITU model predictions. Trans Emerging Tel Tech. 2019;30:e3697. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ett

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Section: Precipitation Impact On Mm‐wavementioning

confidence: 99%

Rain attenuation and worst month statistics verification and modeling for 5G radio link system at 26 GHz in Malaysia

Shayea

Nissirat

Nisirat

et al. 2019

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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“…According to the da Silva Mello model, equivalent rain cells can intercept the link at any position with equal probability. This method uses the full rainfall rate distribution as input for predicting the rain attenuation cumulative distribution and is given by [9].…”

Section: Da Silva Mellomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the purpose of this paper, four established attenuation models have been utilized for the prediction of rain attenuation in South Korea. These are the ITU-R P.530-16 method [7], da Silva Mello model [8,9], Moupfouma model [10], and Abdulrahman model [11]. The comparative study of terrestrial rain attenuation in the South Western geographical region of Nigeria has been performed through the application of those models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rain Attenuation Study over an 18 GHz Terrestrial Microwave Link in South Korea

Shrestha

Choi

2019

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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Absorption of microwave radio frequency signal by atmospheric rain and losses is prevalent at frequencies above 5 GHz. The functioning frequencies of 18 GHz are taken for the point-to-point microwave link system. This paper presents studies on rain attenuation at 18 GHz, which specifies minimum performance parameters for terrestrial fixed service digital radio communication equipment. It presents a 3.2 km experimental link at 18 GHz between Khumdang (Korea Telecom, KT station) and Icheon (National Radio Research Agency, RRA station). The received signal data for rain attenuation and the rain rate were collected at 10-second intervals over three year’s periods from 2013 to 2015. During the observation period, rain rates of about 50 mm/hr and attenuation values of 33.38 dB and 21.88 dB occurred for 0.01% of the time for horizontal and vertical polarization. This paper highlights the discussion and comparison of ITU-R P.530-16, Moupfouma, Silva Mello, and Abdulrahman models and proposed an attenuation prediction approach where it presents the relationship between theoretical specific rain attenuation as specified by ITU-R P.838-3, γ%p, and effective specific rain attenuation, γeff. Additionally, it studies 1-minute rain rates derived from higher time integration of 5-minute, 10-minute, 20-minute, 30-minute, and 60-minute instances which are obtained from experimental 1-minute rainfall amounts that are maintained by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). The effectiveness of the proposed approach is further analyzed for 38 and 75 GHz links which shows better prediction capability. Particularly, in an 18 GHz link under horizontal polarization, ITU-R P. 530-16 shows the relative error margin of 71%, 60%, and 38% where as 64%, 49%, and 42% were obtained under vertical polarization for 0.1%, 0.01%, and 0.001% of the time, respectively. The limitation of research lies on the experimental system that is set up in only one location; however, the preliminary results indicate the application of a suitable 1-minute rain attenuation model for a specific site. The method provides useful information for microwave engineers and researchers in making decisions over the choice of the most suitable rain attenuation prediction for terrestrial links operating in the South Korea region, particularly for lower frequency ranges.

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“…The effect increases further with higher frequency bands, rainfall rates, longer path length, and larger raindrop sizes. This attenuation, caused by rain, reduces the reliability, systems availability, reception of signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR), and overall performance of the communications link . As a result, rain attenuation is a real and concerning issue facing the implementation of mm‐waves, especially in tropical regions with consistent heavy rainfall such as Malaysia.…”

Section: The Effect Of Rain On the Propagation Of Mm‐wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rain attenuation of millimetre wave above 10 GHz for terrestrial links in tropical regions

Shayea

Rahman

Azmi

et al. 2018

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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Millimeter waves (mm‐waves) within frequency bands of 10 to 86 GHz will be used for both microwave and access link fifth‐generation (5G) systems. Thus, it is very important to investigate these bands to ensure reliability when 5G is applied in tropical regions like Malaysia in the coming few years. One of the major obstacles facing the propagation of mm‐waves in tropical regions is the rain attenuation. Rainfall results in the absorption, scattering, and diffraction of radio waves. This contributes to increased transmission losses and a reduction in the received signal levels. The effect is more severe in tropical regions that are characterized by intense heavy rainfall and large raindrop sizes. This paper provides a general overview on rain attenuation of mm‐wave bands. It highlights the nature of rain in tropical regions and its effects on the propagation of mm‐waves. It also reports the latest measurement studies focused on rain attenuation in mm‐wave frequency bands and the prediction methods used to estimate rain attenuation in mm‐waves. It contributes to the understanding of channel behavior and the characterization of mm‐wave bands during rainfall in tropical regions, especially in Malaysia. This study further strives to determine research gaps in this field as well as the future work and various propagation measurement systems that can be used to conduct real measurements and to develop prediction models for rain attenuation in mm‐waves for 5G systems. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the rain rate and rain attenuation on the basis of real measurement data conducted in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia at Skudai Campus, Malaysia. The analyzed results indicated that the rain attenuation at 38 GHz is critical and it can result in 18.4 dB/km as specific rain attenuation at 0.01% percentage of the time.

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Unified method for the prediction of rain attenuation in satellite and terrestrial links

Cited by 42 publications

References 17 publications

Rain attenuation and worst month statistics verification and modeling for 5G radio link system at 26 GHz in Malaysia

Rain attenuation and worst month statistics verification and modeling for 5G radio link system at 26 GHz in Malaysia

Rain Attenuation Study over an 18 GHz Terrestrial Microwave Link in South Korea

Rain attenuation of millimetre wave above 10 GHz for terrestrial links in tropical regions

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