The action of corticosteroids on orthodontic tooth movement: a literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Tooth movement is initially characterized by an acute sterile inflammation, followed by sequential multiple reactions in the periodontal ligament in response to biomechanical forces. Pharmacological agents such as corticosteroids may affect the course of orthodontic movement. Scientific studies show antagonistic actions of these drugs on bone resorption during tooth movement. Objective: To review the literature about the effect of corticosteroids on orthodontic tooth movement. Conclusion: Patients should be questioned regarding the use of these drugs in the orthodontic practice and for those who use them, the orthodontic treatment should be differentiated, with longer intervals between visits and periodic X-rays due to the delay in bone formation observed in some scientific studies. Introdução: a movimentação dentária é caracterizada, inicialmente, por uma inflamação aguda estéril, seguida por reações múltiplas sequenciais no ligamento periodontal em resposta às forças biomecânicas. Agentes farmacológicos, como os corticosteroides, podem alterar o curso da movimentação ortodôntica. Os estudos científicos demonstram ações antagonistas dessas drogas sobre a reabsorção óssea durante a movimentação dentária. Objetivo: realizar revisão de literatura sobre a ação dos corticosteroides no movimento dentário ortodôntico. Conclusão: os pacientes devem ser questionados quanto ao uso dessas drogas na clínica ortodôntica e, para aqueles que fazem uso, o tratamento ortodôntico deve ser diferenciado, com intervalos maiores entre as consultas e solicitação perió-dica de radiografias devido ao atraso na neoformação óssea observado em alguns estudos científicos.Palavras-chave: Movimentação dentária. Mediadores da inflamação. Remodelação óssea. Corticosteroides.

The increased number of osteoblasts and capillaries in orthodontic tooth movement post-administration of Robusta coffee extract

“…Such changes in the blood flow will alter the blood chemistry. 26 The reduced oxygen supply in the pressure zone will trigger a hypoxic condition in the periodontal capillaries. Local hypoxia will then increase VEGF expression in fibroblasts of the periodontal ligament, while also potentially inducing the formation of an active HIF-1 transcription factor and activating genes encoding VEGF.…”

Acceleration in Orthodontics: An Overview

“…However, these studies were done on animals which means that they could give different results when done on humans, especially since these animal experiments lack standardized protocols, such as the differences between the animals used in these studies, the dosage, and the duration of the drug administration. 29 Nitric Oxide (NO) is an essential cellular messenger which is found in several physiological and pathological events. In high doses, osteoclastogenesis decreases while in low doses, it increases.…”

Role of Hormones in Orthodontics: A Review

“…15 Hyperglucocorticoidism leads to a short stature and developed bone maturation but increases relative weight. Very small amounts given a medication can decrease growth rate.…”