Physico-chemical and structural characterization of mucilage isolated from seeds of Diospyros melonoxylon Roxb.

Abstract

Mucilage was isolated from the seeds of Diospyros melonoxylonRoxb., a plant growing naturally in the forests of India. Various physico-chemical methods like particle analysis, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry analysis, molecular weight by gel permeation chromatography, rheometry, elemental analysis, x-ray diffraction spectrometry, zeta potential, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1D(1H and 13C) (NMR) have been employed to characterize this gum in the present study. Particle analyses suggest that mucilage had particle size in nanometer. SEM analysis suggested that the mucilage had irregular particle size. The glass transition temperature of the gum observed was 78 °C and 74 °C by DSC and DTA respectively. The Thermogravimetry analysis suggested that mucilage had good thermal stability with two stage decomposition. The molecular weight of mucilage was determined to be 8760, by gel permeation chromatography, while the viscosity of mucilage was observed to be 219.1 cP. The XRD pattern of the mucilage indicated a complete amorphous nature. Elemental analysis of the gum revealed specific contents of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur. The major functional groups identified from FT-IR spectrum include 3441 cm-1 (-OH), 1632 cm-1 (-COO-), 1414 cm-1 (-COO-) and 1219 cm-1 (-CH3CO). Analysis of mucilage by paper chromatography and 1D NMR indicated the presence of sugars.

Process intensification of biodiesel synthesis via ultrasound‐assisted in situ esterification of Jatropha oil seeds

“…Decrement in the carbon content after ultrasound assisted in situ esterification was attributed to the extraction of fat and lipids (long chain carbon molecules) . The presence of nitrogen would indicate the existence of protein in the seeds . The crude protein content could be estimated from the nitrogen composition (N × 6.25) .…”

Characterization of biogenic Fe (III)‐binding exopolysaccharide nanoparticles produced by Ralstonia sp. SK03

“…Therefore, this ultra‐small size led to the diffraction peaks that were not well characterized. In addition, several studies indicated that the XRD pattern of polysaccharides such as the mucilage, gum arabic, guar gum, and karaya gum were completely amorphous in nature; however, only a few helical polysaccharides with high rigidity exhibited crystalline structure . Furthermore, Wu et al demonstrated that the obtained IONPs from the reactions performed at room temperature, often exhibited low crystallinity .…”

“…and xanthan and gellan are acidic in nature.Acidic polysaccharides have ionized groups (carboxyl), which can function as polyelectrolytes . Functional groups of the obtained Fe‐EPS (identified from FT‐IR spectrum) consisted of O‐H, COOH groups, which caused high negative charges of zeta potential . Baldi et al indicated the presence of COOH and OH groups (functional groups) in EPS matrix in Fe‐EPS, which play an important role in producing negative charges of nanoparticles .…”

“…In addition, several studies indicated that the XRD pattern of polysaccharides such as the mucilage, gum arabic, guar gum, and karaya gum were completely amorphous in nature; however, only a few helical polysaccharides with high rigidity exhibited crystalline structure. [53][54][55] Furthermore, Wu et al demonstrated that the obtained IONPs from the reactions performed at room temperature, often exhibited low crystallinity. 13 Result of this study indicated that there was a correlation between the peak broadening (XRD data) and the nanoparticle size (TEM data), polysaccharide coating, and temperature of synthesis.…”

“…61 Functional groups of the obtained Fe-EPS (identified from FT-IR spectrum) consisted of O-H, COOH groups, which caused high negative charges of zeta potential. 53,62,63 Baldi et al indicated the presence of COOH and OH groups (functional groups) in EPS matrix in Fe-EPS, which play an important role in producing negative charges of nanoparticles. 64 Results showed that increasing the number of carboxylic groups (COOH) per dextran chain in carboxymethyl dextrancoated iron oxide (CMDx) nanoparticles increased the nanoparticle surface charge.…”