“…From both parental melon accessions, three lines were selected by phenotypic and molecular analyses from previous studies: the RIL88 and RIL276, two recombinant inbred lines obtained after seven self-crossings from the cross” TGR-1551” × “Bola de Oro”, both also resistant to races 1, 2 and 5, due possibly to the presence of a recessive gene from “TGR-1551” [ 43 ]; and the NIL21, a near-isogenic line obtained after five backcrossing from the same cross “TGR-1551” × “Bola de Oro” and resistant to races 1, 2, and 5 possibly due to the dominant gene related to the QTL Pm-R [ 36 ]. Moreover, several melon accessions with differential response to powdery mildew races were used: “PMR 45”, resistant to race 1 and carrying the dominant gene Pm-1 or Pm-A [ 34 , 45 ], “WMR 29”, resistant to races 1, 2, and 3 and carrying one dominant gene Pm-w or Pm-B [ 33 , 34 ], and “PI 414723”, resistant to races 1, 2, 3, and 5 and conferred by different genes according to various authors [ 33 , 35 , 42 , 46 ]. The experiments with all these melon lines were carried out in two locations, and plants were grown in two different environments: at 22 °C, 70% RH, 16/8 h light/dark in a growth chamber in the department of Phytopathology at the Technische Universität München (TUM), in Germany, and at 18–22 °C and 25–30 °C in a climatic chamber at the Experimental Station of the IHSM “La Mayora” (CSIC-UMA) in Malaga, Spain.…”