ISSR markers for genetic relationships in Caricaceae and sex differentiation in papaya

Abstract

-ISSR markers are polymorphic and their results easily reproducible. They are therefore intensely used in phylogenetic studies and sex differentiation of some economically interesting plant species. The objectives of this study were to analyze the genetic diversity in Caricaceae using ISSR markers, to identify a specific ISSR band that could distinguish female from hermaphrodite papaya genotypes and to verify whether this marker could be used for early sex differentiation. The ISSR-PCR was performed with nine primers and they could distinguish all species. It was observed that Jacaratia spinosa was closer to Vasconcellea than toCarica. The species C. papaya was only distantly related to both genera. A 500 bp ISSR marker was found in 25 % of the papaya genotypes studied. Specifically in these cases this marker could be used for early sex differentiation in papaya.

Molecular sexing in papaya (Carica papaya L.) seeds based on endosperm DNA

“…The results obtained at the end of the experiments were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were compared by Tukey's test at the 5% probability level. All statistical analyses were performed using GENES statistical software (Cruz 2008). The seedlings obtained from the best treatment of the experiment conducted in the laboratory were transplanted to a 96-tube plastic tray, using the commercial substrate BioplantÒ plus the slow-release fertilizer BasacoteÒ.…”

“…In this scenario, alternatives that allow for an early determination of sex in papaya plants are of fundamental importance, since morphological differentiation in seedlings has not shown to be promising (Rojas et al 1985;Arango et al 2008). Molecular markers have already been developed for sexing young papaya seedlings (Deputy et al 2002;Lemos et al 2002;Urasaki et al 2002;Niroshini et al 2008;Costa et al 2011;Liao et al 2017), but they require all plants to be developed in the field or in a greenhouse for leaf tissue collection (Vashistha et al 2016).…”

Early sex discrimination in Carica papaya by nuclei FISH

“…Sex-linked DNA markers were developed by several research groups (Parasnis et al 1999(Parasnis et al , 2000Deputy et al 2002;Lemos et al 2002;Urasaki et al 2002a, b;Chaves-Bedoya and Nuñez 2007;Oliveira et al 2007;Costa et al 2011;Reddy et al 2012), and linkage maps of the papaya genome were constructed (Sondur et al 1996;Liu et al 2004;Ma et al 2004;Yu et al 2009;Wai et al 2010Wai et al , 2012Zhang et al 2010;Gschwend et al 2011;Na et al 2012). These studies play an important role in evolutionary biology researches, molecular markers and methods have been widely used for identifying the papaya sex type at an early developing stage to improve fruit production (Ming et al 2007).…”

“…Therefore, the sex type identification in this species is only possible after flowering (Deputy et al 2002), which may take 5-8 months (Parasnis et al 1999(Parasnis et al , 2000Ma et al 2004). The selection of the appropriate papaya sex type prior to planting in the field is of great interest by growers, for reducing the production costs (cultivation area, labor, time, financial resources and others) (Parasnis et al 1999;Santos et al 2003;Costa et al 2011;Reddy et al 2012).…”

“…Through DNA analysis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, a variety of molecular markers linked to sex traits in papaya have been developed, such as: randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers (Parasnis et al 2000;Lemos et al 2002;Urasaki et al 2002a;Chaves-Bedoya and Nuñez 2007;Oliveira et al 2007;Reddy et al 2012); sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers, converted from RAPD (Parasnis et al 2000;Deputy et al 2002;Urasaki et al 2002a, b;Chaves-Bedoya and Nuñez 2007); simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers (Parasnis et al 1999;Costa et al 2011). These markers were tested for the discrimination of sex type in different papaya cultivars worldwide.…”