A genomic assisted breeding program for cassava to improve nutritional quality and industrial traits of storage root

Carvalho, Luiz Joaquim Castelo Branco; Vieira, Eduardo Alano; Fialho, J. de F.; Souza, C. R. de

doi:10.1590/s1984-70332011000400001

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Diversity in central cylinder of CSR ( Figure 2) for carotenoids ( Figure 2A), and carbohydrate and starch iodine staining pattern ( Figure 2B) indicate a large genetic [1] and are the most popular traits used for genetic breeding proposes [2][3][4].…”

Section: Storage Root Of Cassava Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Storage Root of Cassava: Morphological Types, Anatomy, Formation, Growth, Development and Harvest Time

Carvalho¹,

Filho²,

Anderson³

et al. 2018

Cassava

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Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) is considered a starchy root crop that provides staple food for millions of people in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Research efforts are directed toward genetic breeding and cultivation of cassava to improve cassava storage root starch production, nutritional values, and industrial utilization. Cassava storage root (CSR) is a vegetative storage organ with indeterminate type of growth that has a central cylinder (edible part) originated by the swelling of primary root and crown roots. Comprehensive studies on thickened primary root (secondary growth) are rare, incomplete, and to a certain extent, missing. In this chapter, we review and forward studies that move our knowledge on cassava storage root (CSR). CSR generally forms up to 12-14 storage root (SR) per plant, which can originate from three sources of propagating plant materials as well as being induced in vivo and in vitro. Types of storage root (morphologically defined), CSR physiology, tissue anatomy/histology (secondary growth), chemical composition of the edible part, biochemical features, gene expression and proteomics as secondary growth proceeds are of major importance in order to breed cassava plant for agriculture utilization. Storage root morphology varies in shape from cylindrical to globular. Time to initiation of storage root formation varies from 45 to 90 days after planting (DAP), depending on the leaf auxiliary bud position in the vegetative propagating material at the plant source. Storage root growth, starch accumulation, and nutrient contents are largely dependent on genotypes. Storage root anatomy can be identified by eight characteristics common to a root with secondary growth and starch reserve variants. Histological characterizations can be used to identify cell types of primary and secondary meristems, procambium, vascular cambium, phellogen, phelloderm, primary and secondary xylem and phloem, storage parenchyma and sclerenchyma. Three types of meristematic cell differentiations occur as secondary growth proceeds; one due to cork cambium with plane perpendicularly oriented cell division, second due to plane longitudinally oriented cell division in the root apex, and third longitudinally oriented in the epidermal cells. Chemical composition of the storage root varies in the central cylinder (edible part) depending on the sample position in the root and the plant genotype. Therefore, biochemical characteristics are known to change with tissue age as secondary growth proceeds. Moreover, the

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Section: Storage Root Of Cassava Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Storage Root of Cassava: Morphological Types, Anatomy, Formation, Growth, Development and Harvest Time

Carvalho¹,

Filho²,

Anderson³

et al. 2018

Cassava

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“…Atualmente, os programas de melhoramento genético de mandioca de mesa estão focados no desenvolvimento de variedades biofortifi cadas que aliem aos caracteres citados acima a presença de carotenoides como β-caroteno nas raízes de coloração amarela (CHÁVEZ et al, 2005;MEZETTE et al, 2009;CARVALHO et al, 2012a;CARVALHO et al, 2012b) e licopeno nas raízes de coloração rosada (CARVALHO et al, 2011). Esses carotenoides apresentam importância na alimentação humana pelos benefícios do β-caroteno como precursor da vitamina A, no combate a cegueira noturna, distúrbios de crescimento e difi culdade de aprendizagem (UNDERWOOD & SMITASII, 1999), e do licopeno como antioxidante, no combate ao envelhecimento precoce e na prevenção do câncer de próstata (SHAMI & MOREIRA, 2004).…”

Section: Os Programas De Melhoramento Genético De Mandioca De Mesa Esunclassified

“…Programas de melhoramento genético de mandioca, visando à melhoria das qualidades nutricionais das raízes de reserva necessitam de variabilidade genética e que o germoplasma disponível seja caracterizado e avaliado, objetivando sua utilização de forma direta pelos produtores ou indireta, no desenvolvimento de variedades adaptadas a locais específi cos. Estudos realizados vêm demostrando que no germoplasma de mandioca existe variabilidade disponível para esse fi m em acessos de mandioca com coloração da polpa das raízes amarelas e rosadas (CHAVÉZ et al, 2005;CARVALHO et al, 2011;VIEIRA et al, 2011;CARVALHO et al, 2012a;CARVALHO et al, 2012b). Entretanto, não existem na literatura estudos visando à caracterização agronômica e quanto ao teor de carotenoides nas raízes desse germoplasma nas condições do Cerrado do Brasil Central, com vistas à utilização direta por parte dos produtores e/ou quanto à utilização no melhoramento genético.…”

Section: Os Programas De Melhoramento Genético De Mandioca De Mesa Esunclassified

Potencial agronômico e teor de carotenoides em raízes de reserva de mandioca

et al. 2014

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“…Currently, the breeding programs of table cassava have focused on developing varieties that have agronomic characteristics of interest associated with its biofortification. The biofortification of cassava prioritizes the increasing of carotenoids such as β-carotene in yellow staining roots and lycopene in pink color roots Carvalho et al, 2011).…”

Section: Cassava (M Esculenta C)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetable breeding as a strategy of biofortification in carotenoids and prevention of vitamin A deficiency

Ronaldo¹,

Ronaldo²,

Cleverson³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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Carotenoids are a class of yellow-orange-red pigments distributed in various fruits, spices, herbs and especially in vegetables. These pigments are bioactive components essential to human health. Among the numerous classes of carotenoids, a smaller number is known for having provitamin A activity. This vitamin is essential to the organism in the proper functioning of the vision and the immune system. On the other hand, the deficiency in this vitamin is related to a great number of diseases, which can in severe cases, lead to death. This makes essential the proper supplying of this vitamin to human nutrition. There are two sources from which vitamin A can be derived: (a) vitamin A preformed with retinol esters from animal food sources and (b) from carotenoid found in plant foods. Thus, food fortification is presented as an alternative to reduce vitamin A deficiency. Currently, plant breeding has contributed to the development and introduction of biofortified products. Improved varieties obtained from biofortification have a higher content of nutrients and vitamins, leading to the improvement of human diet. The genetic breeding of vegetables aiming nutritional biofortification is a promising strategy for the increasing of carotenoid concentration in agricultural products and prevention of vitamin A deficiency. Besides the crops that have commonly been used in the biofortification programs, a series of horticulture crops are also promising for insertion in the programs of biofortification in pro vitamin A. Thus, the objective of this review is addressing the problems resulting from vitamin A deficiency and the adoption potential of horticulture species by genetic breeding programs aiming the biofortification in carotenoids.

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A genomic assisted breeding program for cassava to improve nutritional quality and industrial traits of storage root

Abstract: -Cassava is cultivated for two ends proposals: "sweet cassava" as fresh consumes and "industry cassava

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Storage Root of Cassava: Morphological Types, Anatomy, Formation, Growth, Development and Harvest Time

Storage Root of Cassava: Morphological Types, Anatomy, Formation, Growth, Development and Harvest Time

Potencial agronômico e teor de carotenoides em raízes de reserva de mandioca

Vegetable breeding as a strategy of biofortification in carotenoids and prevention of vitamin A deficiency

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