Two new tiny Nemesiidae species from Reserva Biológica do Tinguá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Araneae: Mygalomorphae)

A new small Acanthogonatus Karsch, 1880 (Mygalomorphae, Pycnothelidae) species from Argentinean Patagonia: description of A. messii Signorotto & Ferretti n. sp. and its phylogenetic placement

“…The terminology for general structures follows Goloboff (1995) and Indicatti et al (2015). Spine notations follow Petrunkevitch (1925).…”

“…19. Tibia I with a strong apical retrolateral megaspine; palpal bulb with twisted embolus; total length less than 5 mm; Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) A. minimus Indicatti, Folly-Ramos, Vargas, Lucas & Brescovit, 2015…”

“…Pycnothelidae spiders are recognized by having a small to large, yellow pallid, soft, developed intercheliceral tumescence covered with few to many setae, cymbium lacking dorsal spines, patella III with 1–1–1 prolateral spines, bipectinate tarsal claws, male tarsi flexible, short spinnerets (except some species of Acanthogonatus Karsch, 1880 and Stanwellia Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918), tarsal organ located on apical central region, tarsal scopula present and no claw tufts (Goloboff 1995; Montes de Oca et al 2022). The Neotropical pycnothelids are represented by small to medium sized spiders that can be found living in loose tubes, in the leaf litter, under trunks or stones, in burrows close with debris, or simply open, or protected by a trapdoor (Goloboff 1995; Indicatti et al 2015; Ghirotto et al 2021).…”

“…Also, a new updated identification key for all species is presented, as well as a new phylogenetic analysis including Acanthogonatus messii Signorotto & Ferretti n. sp. and two newly described species not included in the previous analysis of Goloboff (1995): Acanthogonatus ericae Indicatti, Lucas, Ott & Brescovit, 2008 and A. minimus Indicatti, Folly-Ramos, Vergara, Lucas & Brescovit, 2015 (Indicatti et al 2008, 2015).…”

The South African genus Lepthercus Purcell, 1902 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae): phylogeny and taxonomy

“…The nemesiid faunas (sensus Raven, 1985b) from South America (Goloboff, 1995;Indicatti & Lucas, 2005; Montes de Oca & Pérez-Miles, 2013;Indicatti et al 2015;Ferretti, 2015), Australasia (Raven, 1981(Raven, , 1984a1985a,b;Main, 1975Main, , 1982Main, , 1983Main, , 1985Main, , 1986Main, , 2004Main, , 2008Castalanelli et al 2017;Harvey et al 2018) and Eurasia (Zonstein 1987, 2009, 2017, Zonstein et al 2018aDecae & Cardoso, 2006) are relatively well known. In contrast, the African fauna has mostly been neglected (Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2002;Zonstein, 2016).…”