Phylogenomic analysis, reclassification, and evolution of South American nemesioid burrowing mygalomorph spiders

de, Laura Montes; Indicatti, Rafael P.; Opatová, Věra; Almeida, Marlus Queiroz; Pérez‐Miles, Fernando; Bond, Jason E.

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107377

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…For analyses not requiring informative branch lengths, we constructed a more inclusive supertree using several recent mygalomorph‐focused genomic phylogenies. We downloaded the maximum‐likelihood phylogenies of Opatova et al ( 2020 ) – Mygalomorphae‐focused (AHE data); Hedin et al ( 2018 ) – Atracidae‐, Actinopodidae‐, and Hexathelidae‐focused (ultra‐conserved elements [UCE]); Hedin et al ( 2019 ) – Atypoidea‐focused (UCE); and Montes de Oca et al ( 2022 ) – Nemesoidina‐focused (AHE). For the latter, the raw tree file was not available, so we generated a new maximum‐likelihood phylogeny using IQtree (Nguyen et al, 2015 ) using the alignment and partition files from the study (Appendix S1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This exhaustive morphological review, and the accompanying cladistics‐based phylogeny, served as the foundation of mygalomorph systematics for two decades and remains the most complete synopsis of mygalomorph morphology available. However, the implementation of molecular methods has revealed phylogenetic relationships in stark discordance with those deduced from morphology: over half the traditional families were revealed to be paraphyletic and accepted interfamilial relationships have changed dramatically (Bond et al, 2012 ; Hedin et al, 2018 , 2019 ; Hedin & Bond, 2006 ; Montes de Oca et al, 2022 ; Opatova et al, 2020 ). With the recent taxon‐rich, genomic phylogeny of Opatova et al ( 2020 ), accepted mygalomorph relationships have largely stabilized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation with a limited set of behavioral niches explains the convergence of somatic morphology in mygalomorph spiders

Wilson

Bond

Harvey

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Understanding the drivers of morphological convergence requires investigation into its relationship with behavior and niche space, and such investigations in turn provide insights into evolutionary dynamics, functional morphology, and life history. Mygalomorph spiders (trapdoor spiders and their kin) have long been associated with high levels of morphological homoplasy, and many convergent features can be intuitively associated with different behavioral niches. Using genus‐level phylogenies based on recent genomic studies and a newly assembled matrix of discrete behavioral and somatic morphological characters, we reconstruct the evolution of burrowing behavior in the Mygalomorphae, compare the influence of behavior and evolutionary history on somatic morphology, and test hypotheses of correlated evolution between specific morphological features and behavior. Our results reveal the simplicity of the mygalomorph adaptive landscape, with opportunistic, web‐building taxa at one end, and burrowing/nesting taxa with structurally modified burrow entrances (e.g., a trapdoor) at the other. Shifts in behavioral niche, in both directions, are common across the evolutionary history of the Mygalomorphae, and several major clades include taxa inhabiting both behavioral extremes. Somatic morphology is heavily influenced by behavior, with taxa inhabiting the same behavioral niche often more similar morphologically than more closely related but behaviorally divergent taxa, and we were able to identify a suite of 11 somatic features that show significant correlation with particular behaviors. We discuss these findings in light of the function of particular morphological features, niche dynamics within the Mygalomorphae, and constraints on the mygalomorph adaptive landscape relative to other spiders.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation with a limited set of behavioral niches explains the convergence of somatic morphology in mygalomorph spiders

Wilson

Bond

Harvey

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Psalistopoides was newly transferred to the family Pycnothelidae Chamberlin, 1917 by Montes de Oca et al . (2022) and is now part of the subfamily Pselligminae Mello-Leitão, 1923 alongside the genera Pselligmus Simon, 1892a, Stenoterommata Holmberg, 1881, and Rachias Simon, 1892b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First description of the female of Psalistopoides fulvimanus Mello-Leitão, 1934 (Araneae: Pycnothelidae)

et al. 2023

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“…This exhaustive morphological review, and the accompanying cladistics-based phylogeny, served as the foundation of mygalomorph systematics for two decades and remains the most complete synopsis of mygalomorph morphology available. However, the implementation of molecular methods has revealed phylogenetic relationships in stark discordance with those deduced from morphology: over half the traditional families were revealed to be paraphyletic and accepted interfamilial relationships have changed dramatically (Bond et al, 2012;Hedin et al, 2018Hedin et al, , 2019Hedin & Bond, 2006;Montes de Oca et al, 2022;Opatova et al, 2020). With the recent taxon-rich, genomic phylogeny of Opatova et al (2020), accepted mygalomorph relationships have largely stabilized.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 4. Maximum likelihood tree generated using IQtree(Nguyen et al, 2015) with the alignment and partition files of Montes deOca et al (2022). This was then used as one of the input trees for supertree construction.…”

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confidence: 99%

Correlation with a limited set of behavioral niches explains the convergence of somatic morphology in mygalomorph spiders

Wilson

Bond

Harvey

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Understanding the drivers of morphological convergence requires investigation into its relationship with behavior and niche-space, and such investigations in turn provide insights into evolutionary dynamics, functional morphology, and life history. Mygalomorph spiders (trapdoor spiders and their kin) have long been associated with high levels of homoplasy, and many convergent features can be intuitively associated with different behavioral niches. Using genus-level phylogenies based on recent genomic studies and a newly assembled matrix of discrete behavioral and somatic morphological characters, we reconstruct the evolution of burrowing behavior in the Mygalomorphae, compare the influence of behavior and evolutionary history on somatic morphology, and test hypotheses of correlated evolution between specific morphological features and behavior. Our results reveal the simplicity of the mygalomorph adaptive landscape, with opportunistic, web-building taxa at one end, and burrowing/nesting taxa with structurally-modified burrow entrances (e.g., a trapdoor) at the other. Shifts in behavioral niche, in both directions, are common across the evolutionary history of the Mygalomorphae, and several major clades include taxa inhabiting both behavioral extremes. Somatic morphology is heavily influenced by behavior, with taxa inhabiting the same behavioral niche often more similar morphologically than more closely-related but behaviorally-divergent taxa, and we were able to identify a suite of 11 somatic features that show significant correlation with particular behaviors. We discuss these findings in light of the function of particular morphological features, niche dynamics within the Mygalomorphae, and constraints on the mygalomorph adaptive landscape relative to other spiders.

show abstract

Phylogenomic analysis, reclassification, and evolution of South American nemesioid burrowing mygalomorph spiders

Cited by 12 publications

References 58 publications

Correlation with a limited set of behavioral niches explains the convergence of somatic morphology in mygalomorph spiders

Correlation with a limited set of behavioral niches explains the convergence of somatic morphology in mygalomorph spiders

First description of the female of Psalistopoides fulvimanus Mello-Leitão, 1934 (Araneae: Pycnothelidae)

Correlation with a limited set of behavioral niches explains the convergence of somatic morphology in mygalomorph spiders

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