Occurrence and morphometrics of the brachioradialis muscle in wild carnivorans (Carnivora: Caniformia, Feliformia)

Souza, Paulo de; Santos, Lucas Mucci Richter Pereira dos; Nogueira, Daniele M.P.; Figueiredo, Marcelo Abidú; Santos, A. L. Q.

doi:10.1590/s1984-46702015000100004

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The innervation of the brachioradialis is also characteristic because it is a very thin muscle that can often be removed with the skin. It is even absent from some species or is residual [ 42 , 43 ]. The innervation of the superficial digital flexor muscle by the median nerve is also characteristic of carnivores [ 9 , 11 , 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structure of the Brachial Plexus in Selected Representatives of the Caniformia Suborder

Grzeczka

Zdun

2022

Animals

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Like most structures, the brachial plexus is subject to species variation. Analysing this structure over a wide spectrum of species, we can obtain a complex view of the changes–in a given group of animals. The aim of this study was to describe the brachial plexus anatomy of species from two families of Caniformia. We analysed the brachial plexus structure of five species from two families of Caniformia: Canidae and Mustelidae. The cadavers were obtained from breeders and hunters. All were fixed by being kept in a 10% formaldehyde solution for two weeks. This study allows us to present the similarities as well as the differences between species and families. Our study reveals different trends in the course of the individual nerves and innervations of the thoracic limb. A species-specific feature is the extent of the brachial plexus, as each species has a specific number of ventral branches of the spinal nerves in the brachial plexus. However, a characteristic of the family Mustelidae is the course of the median nerve through the epicondylar foramen. Within the Canidae, two species are characterised by a very long branch for the coracobrachialis muscle. The general conclusion is that the brachial plexus of species belonging to the Caniformia is subject to variation within families and species, as well as individual variation while maintaining a general schematic for the group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structure of the Brachial Plexus in Selected Representatives of the Caniformia Suborder

Grzeczka

Zdun

2022

Animals

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“…Contrary to terrestrial species, joint surfaces between the radius, the ulna and the humerus in arboreal animals are broad and likely to favour a greater pronation-supination ability (Fabre et al, 2013(Fabre et al, , 2015a. Moreover, four terrestrial species lacked a brachioradialis (the largest supinator muscle of the forelimb; see Junior et al, 2015): the fox, the cheetah, the dhole (Cuon alpinus Pallas, 1811) and the hyena (Hyaena hyaena Linnaeus, 1758). These are also the most cursorial species in our dataset, and all have lost the ability to supinate their hands fully Polly, 2007;Fabre et al, 2014).…”

Section: Quantitative Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence in the functional properties of forelimb muscles in carnivorans: adaptations to an arboreal lifestyle?

Taverne¹,

Fabre²,

Herbin³

et al. 2018

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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The arboreal environment is complex and irregular and imposes significant constraints on the locomotor ability of vertebrates, resulting in morphological adaptations. Carnivorans are of particular interest because they radiated several times independently into the arboreal milieu, leading to convergence in long bone anatomy. We investigated whether the forelimb muscles show differences in arboreal vs. terrestrial species and tested for convergence in muscle architecture. To do so, we studied the forelimb muscles in 17 species of carnivorans with different locomotor modes (arboreal and terrestrial). Our results showed that the forelimb musculature evolved in a convergent manner in arboreal species, resulting in more forceful and heavier wrist rotators and elbow flexors, even when accounting for phylogeny. This suggests that selective forces imposed by the environment drive the evolution of the muscular system towards a convergent phenotype that provides a functional advantage for locomotion in the complex threedimensional arboreal habitat.

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“…These inferences could be drawn from morphometric analyses of the relationship between shape and function (e.g., Van Valkenburgh 1987;Vizcaíno & Milne 2002;Andersson 2003Andersson , 2004Elissamburu & Vizcaíno 2004;Toledo et al 2012;Samuels et al 2013). However, there have been no extensive studies of the ecomorphological diversity of the procyonid forelimb, either in living or extinct members of the family (Andersson 2003;Tarquini et al 2012;Fabre et al 2013Fabre et al , 2014Fabre et al , 2015Martín-Serra et al 2014;Junior et al 2015) and, thus, potentially informative features have not been explored.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…2013, 2014, 2015; Martín-Serra et al . 2014; Junior et al 2015) and, thus, potentially informative features have not been explored.…”

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confidence: 99%

The forelimb of †Cyonasua sp. (Procyonidae, Carnivora): ecomorphological interpretation in the context of carnivorans

Tarquini

Toledo

Morgan

et al. 2015

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Socie

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The procyonid †Cyonasua is endemic to South America and recorded from the Late Miocene to the Early Pleistocene. This paper studies the forelimb of †Cyonasua sp. (late Pliocene of Miramar, Argentina), using an ecomorphological approach to infer morphological adaptations linked to substrate preference and locomotory mode, as well as to grasping and digging ability. Twenty linear measurements of forelimb and pectoral girdle were taken from †Cyonasua sp. and a sample of 87 specimens of extant carnivoran families (Procyonidae, Mustelidae, Ursidae, Viverridae, Canidae and Felidae). Raw values were transformed to minimise the effect of size. Morphological variation was explored by principal component analysis (PCA); substrate preference and locomotory mode were further analysed by multivariate analysis of variance (MAV) and discriminant analysis (DA); grasping and digging ability were analysed by DA. In the PCA morphospace, †Cyonasua sp. occupied a unique position, close to extant procyonids. DA classified it as non-specialised digger with poor grasping ability. The results lead to the interpretation of †Cyonasua sp. as having a moderately stabilised elbow joint with poor pronation-supination, although some climbing skills cannot be ruled out. Thus, †Cyonasua sp. could have had generalised habits, in agreement with reconstructed palaeoenvironmental conditions.

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Occurrence and morphometrics of the brachioradialis muscle in wild carnivorans (Carnivora: Caniformia, Feliformia)

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

The Structure of the Brachial Plexus in Selected Representatives of the Caniformia Suborder

The Structure of the Brachial Plexus in Selected Representatives of the Caniformia Suborder

Convergence in the functional properties of forelimb muscles in carnivorans: adaptations to an arboreal lifestyle?

The forelimb of †Cyonasua sp. (Procyonidae, Carnivora): ecomorphological interpretation in the context of carnivorans

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