Efficacy and residual effect of Illicium verum (star anise) and Pelargonium graveolens (rose geranium) essential oil on cat fleas Ctenocephalides felis felis

Abstract

The essential oils (EOs) of Illicium verum and Pelargonium graveolens were evaluated for lethality, inhibition of development and residual efficacy against the flea Ctenocephalides felis felis. Their chemical composition was characterized by means of gas chromatography with a flame ionization and mass spectrometry detection. Mortality at different immature stages and among adult fleas was measured through in vitro filter paper tests at different concentrations of EOs. The chemical characterization of I. verum volatile oil showed that E-anethole (79.96%) was the major constituent, while the major compounds in P. graveolens were citronellol (29.67%) and geraniol (14.85%). Insecticidal activity against both immature and adult flea stages were observed. The EO of I. verum had insecticidal activity for approximately 18 days, while the EO activity of P. graveolens lasted for 13 days. The pulicidal activity of I. verum remained above 70% for up to 9 days, while the activity of P. graveolens was 41.7% for up to 2 days. Essential oils, especially that of I. verum, showed insecticidal activity for flea control at different life cycle stages and have potential for the development of ectoparasiticides (biopesticides) for veterinary use.

The Biological Activity of Illicium verum (Star Anise) on Lernaea cyprinacea-Infested Carassius auratus (Goldfish): In Vivo Study

“…Maini and Morallo-Rejesus [62] investigated the toxicity of star anise oil to golden snails, finding that 10-20 ppm caused 100 % mortality in juvenile snails. Meanwhile the previous study of cat flea control using star anise was recorded by Freitas et al [41], who recorded 100% mortality when using 400 µg.cm 2 after a 48-h exposure period.…”

“…Illicium verum was evaluated for testing the mortality of L. cyprinacea, which was diluted with phosphate-buffered saline, making two-fold serial dilutions of (25 µg/mL, 12.5 µg/mL, 6.25 µg/mL, 3 µg/mL, 2 µg/mL, 1 µg/mL) [40,41]. Commercial clove oils (Ectyo-clove ® ; Paris, France) were used to anesthetize L. cyprinacea-infested fish to remove the live female parasite manually.…”

Локалізація Бліх Роду Ctenocephalides На Тілі Собак Під Час Застосування Лікувальних Заходів

“…Світова та вітчизняна ветеринарна наука пропонує для боротьби з ектопаразитами домашніх м'ясоїдних тварин значну кількість протипаразитарних препаратів, які згідно з дослідженнями науковців, мають різну ефективність та зручність у використанні [5][6][7][8].…”

Insecticidal activity in vitro of the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin against Ctenocephalides felis felis

“…In this context, products from the secondary metabolism of plants, such as EOs, are promising due to their repellent and insecticidal activity against a wide variety of insects of importance to agriculture and one health (Pavela & Benelli, 2016). Some EOs have already shown promise in in vitro assays against fleas (Conceição et al, 2020;Freitas et al, 2021). The EO of Pogostemon cablin (Lamiaceae), popularly known as patchouli, has already demonstrated toxicity against some groups of insects (Costa et al, 2013;Santos et al, 2022), but there are no published studies on its activity against fleas.…”