Platynosomum illiciens (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae) in a hybrid marmoset (Callithrix sp.) in the Municipality of Seropédica, RJ, Brazil – Case report

Abstract

Platynosomum illiciens is a liver trematode encountered infecting mainly felids although it has also been reported in birds and in additional mammalian species, including non-human primates. The current study reports a natural P. illiciens infection primate of the genus Callithrix. The diagnosis was made using a combination of copro-parasitological techniques, morphological evaluation of adult specimens recovered from the liver during necropsy, and molecular analyses. Eggs were brown in color, oval, operculated, and contained a miracidium. Adult specimens recovered during necropsy were measured and showed dimensions compatible with P. illiciens. Molecular characterization of the trematode involved amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in combination with nucleotide sequencing, of an approximately 900 base pairs fragment corresponding to 18S-ITS1-5.8S ribosomal DNA. Sequenced amplicons showed 100% nucleotide identity with sequences deposited in the GenBank database as derived from specimens of P. illiciens recovered from cats in Malaysia and Brazil. It was concluded that the morphological and molecular analyses presented herein, confirmed the identification of the trematode recovered as P. illiciens.

Contribution of ultrasound examination in diagnosing platynosomiasis and correlation with macro and microscopic findings in callitrichids kept under human care

“…The adult parasites found in the gallbladder in a marmoset Callithrix aurita (16.7%) were compatible with trematodes of the genus Platynosomum, characterized by a fusiform, flat structure with an average size of 4 mm (Figure 4A,C,D) with the oral sucker rostrally, the most tapered terminal part, and inside could be visualized some structures such as the acetabulum, the testicles, the vitellaria and the uterus. 15 Direct examination of bile, which was positive in 50% of marmosets (animals 3, 36, and 120 described in Table 1) and feces, which were positive in 50% of animals (36, 132, 165; Table 1), revealed the presence of eggs with thick shells, brownish, operculated, and with miracidia inside (Figure 4B,E,F), which corroborates morphological and descriptive studies. 3,15 The BLAST sequencing analysis of 28SrDNA identified the trematode as Platynosomum illiciens (91% of similarity to accession number in genbank MH156565).…”

“…15 Direct examination of bile, which was positive in 50% of marmosets (animals 3, 36, and 120 described in Table 1) and feces, which were positive in 50% of animals (36, 132, 165; Table 1), revealed the presence of eggs with thick shells, brownish, operculated, and with miracidia inside (Figure 4B,E,F), which corroborates morphological and descriptive studies. 3,15 The BLAST sequencing analysis of 28SrDNA identified the trematode as Platynosomum illiciens (91% of similarity to accession number in genbank MH156565). However, P. iiliciens is the only species of the genus with 28SrDNA sequences deposited in genbank.…”

“…important epidemiological information about the dynamics of transmission between species. 15,24,25 It can be concluded that ultrasound examination within the clinical routine is a valuable tool for studying the liver and biliary system and is capable of demonstrating the presence of parasitic disease.…”

Platinosomiasis felina: la causa de hepatopatía menos pensada

“…El gato se infecta al ingerir un segundo hospedero intermediario o un hospedero paraténico infectado con la metacercaria. Una vez ingerida, la metacercaria migra hacia la vesícula biliar y el conducto biliar del felino donde madura a tremátodo adulto en un periodo aproximado de 8 a 12 semanas, para finalmente producir huevos embrionados (Assis et al, 2021;Xavier et al, 2007). Los huevos pueden detectarse en las heces del gato a partir de las 8 semanas después de haber adquirido la infección (Shell et al, 2015).…”

New molecular data help clarify the taxonomy of Central European avian Dicrocoeliidae Looss, 1899 (Trematoda: Plagiorchiida)

“…Species are phenotypically plastic and morphologically homogeneous, and the few available identification features can be affected by improper fixation ( Sitko, 1995 , 2013 ; Pojmańska, 2008 ; Tkach et al, 2018 ; Hildebrand et al, 2019 ). Recently, phylogenetic DNA markers have became available for some Dicrocoeliidae ( Hildebrand et al, 2015 , 2016 ; Aldhoun et al, 2018 ; Tkach et al, 2018 ; Waki et al, 2018 ; González-García et al, 2020 ; Suleman et al, 2020 ; Assis et al, 2021 ; Fernandes et al, 2021 ; Pinto et al, 2022 ). Nevertheless, more thorough species coverage is needed to enable species identification based on molecular diagnostics, mainly for larval Dicrocoeliidae.…”