Ponha-se no seu lugar: resenha de Machado de Assis - multiracial identity and the Brazilian novelist, de G. Reginald Daniel

Race, Gender, and Social Class Discrimination in Intersection with Political Identification in Rio de Janeiro

“…Racism is widespread, explicit and/or subtle and, combined with class and gender discrimination, has been normalized in power structures of national, state, and municipal institutions, and micro-social entities, in both individual and familial lives. Prejudices and discriminatory attitudes are denied and hidden behind a mask, by a belief that in Brazil there is a peaceful and even romantic miscegenation process (Alencar, 2013;Amaral, 2011;Brazil, 2013;Brazil, 2016).…”

Patterns of Explicit and Subtle Racism and Self-reported Color in Health Services

“…European immigrants received support from the State to travel and received land in Brazil to promote their development as small and middle agricultural producers in rural areas, or as formal workers in the emerging banks, commerce and services in urban areas. European immigration was planned and organized as a government project to whiten the Brazilian population [4][5][6][7][8]. Africans and their descendants have never received any reparationthey were abandoned by the Stateand racism continued to be massively reproduced and legitimated in all the spaces and institutions in behavior, speeches, vocabulary, identities, attitudes, values and daily practices.…”

“…As a result, blacks in Brazil have the worst rates of morbidity, mortality, and illiteracy, and have the lowest educational levels and highest poverty rates in the population [7]. There are incidents of racism witnessed on a daily basis in the media, social networks, public spaces and institutions and even among members of the same family, but prejudices and discriminatory attitudes are denied and hidden, masked in a belief that in Brazil there is a peaceful miscegenation process and an alleged racial democracy [2,[5][6][7][8]. According to several authors, racism in modern Brazil is reproduced according to two basic ideas; a) the myth of racial democracy, since Brazilians believed over centuries that miscegenation was a harmonic, peaceful and even a glamorous process in the national history, and b) population whitening, as an ideal promoted by government policies to attract European migration after the end of slavery and, as a high value, incorporated in intergendered relationships and practices to this day [2,[5][6][7][8].…”

Racism in Health Services in Brazil

“…Racism has become an intrinsic part of the formation and development of Brazilian society, and has been reproduced in the present day through a false myth of "racial democracy" and the ideal of the "whitening" of society (Fernandes, 1965;Bento, 2002). A sui generis racism, masked and widespread, persists in all power structures and national, state, municipal institutions, and micro social, both individual and familial (Guimarães, 1999;Alencar, 2013;Amaral, 2011;Brasil, 2013;Brasil, 2016).…”

“…As a result, blacks in Brazil have the worst rates of morbidity, mortality, and illiteracy, and have lower educational levels and higher poverty rates within the population (Brasil, 2013). There are incidents of racism witnessed on a daily basis in the media, social networks, public spaces and institutions and even among members of the same family, but prejudices and discriminatory attitudes are denied and hidden, masked by a belief that in Brazil there is a peaceful miscegenation process and an alleged racial democracy (Brasil, 2013;Brasil 2016;Alencar, 2013;Amaral, 2011).…”