Medidas de prevenção contra câncer de pele em trabalhadores da construção civil: contribuição da enfermagem

Abstract

Civil construction's workers are one of the most risk groups to the occupational cancer. The purpose was to identify these workers knowledge about skin cancer and describe protection/prevention measures adopted by them. This is a descriptive and qualitative nature research, developed with 50 workers of a great load building site firm at municipal district of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data was collected through a form. From descriptive and statistical analysis, the results showed that the protection measures adopted by workers to avoid skin cancer are insufficient; moreover, they are not used in an aligned way with the literature. The most important necessary change relates to ife styles and access to information and knowledge about skin cancer. Thus, nursing's interventions along the Worker's Health stuff can contribute to the implementation of preventive measures against occupational cancer.

Occupational skin cancer: Systematic review

“…Also, the lower the educational level, the greater the tendency to work for larger periods, whether hours or days of work, than those with a higher level of education. 15,[17][18][19] For Hammond et al, 14 their study observed professions at risk of skin cancer, who were builders, gardeners and road workers. These had a larger percentage of workers with secondary education, noting that they had a greater knowledge of preventive measures against skin cancer, since those who had an average risk of developing this neoplasm protected themselves less than those with a high risk.…”

“…Ultraviolet radiation reaches the Earth's surface every day; therefore, professionals in the outdoor environment have a high risk of sun exposure and consequent risk of skin cancer. 4,[6][7][8]12,[18][19][20][21][22] In view of this, it has been observed that chronic and excessive exposure in the first 10 to 20 years of life, especially at times when the sun's rays are more intense, this is, from 10 am to 4 pm, increases the risk of skin cancer, as at a young age there is a higher chance of cumulative sun exposure in the workplace. 18,19 According to Simões et al 19 builders are professionals at risk, as they have a 44 hour work week, with excessive exposure to UV rays.…”

“…4,[6][7][8]12,[18][19][20][21][22] In view of this, it has been observed that chronic and excessive exposure in the first 10 to 20 years of life, especially at times when the sun's rays are more intense, this is, from 10 am to 4 pm, increases the risk of skin cancer, as at a young age there is a higher chance of cumulative sun exposure in the workplace. 18,19 According to Simões et al 19 builders are professionals at risk, as they have a 44 hour work week, with excessive exposure to UV rays. Popim et al 18 analyzed postal workers in the city of Botucatu, SP, Brazil and assessed that these professionals are exposed to variables that can promote the emergence of skin cancer, namely: Skin color, as white skin of- fers less protection against the sun's rays; being young; time and duration of sun exposure and residing in a tropical environment, that is, in a hot climate.…”

“…6,9,12,14,15,19,24 In addition to solar radiation, workers can have other risk factors of an occupational order, including arsenic, tar, mineral oils and lubricants, among others, but which also require prolonged and chronic exposure to such substances. 12 According to Surdu et al, 23 women exposed to arsenic in the workplace have a high incidence of BCC in regions exposed to solar radiation, such as the face, scalp and neck.…”

“…Prevention measures were examined in eight articles, which noted a predominance of the use of the following sun protection equipment: sunscreen, hats, caps, long pants, long-sleeve shirts, sunglasses and sunshades. 3,4,[13][14][15][16]18,19,24 The protection measures were used significantly more among women, especially sunscreen. 4,13,16,24 According to McCool et al, 24 males and younger people have a lower index of adherence to the use of protective equipment because they underestimate the risk and overestimate the ability to cope with that risk.…”