Sport-related concussions

Ianof, Jéssica Natuline; Freire, Fabio Rios; Calado, Vanessa Tomé Gonçalves; Lacerda, Juliana Rhein; Coelho, Fernanda; Veitzman, Silvia; Schmidt, Magali Taino; Machado, Sérgio; Velasques, Bruna; Ribeiro, Pedro; Basile, Luis; Paiva, Wellingson Silva; Amorim, Robson Luís Oliveira de; Anghinah, Renato

doi:10.1590/s1980-57642014dn81000003

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…An SRC is defined as "a traumatic brain injury induced by biomechanical forces" (McCrory et al, 2017). American football has the highest reported number of SRCs compared to other sports (Daneshvar et al, 2011;Ianof et al, 2014;. Over 600 concussions were reported in collegiate football over a four-year period , and more than 140 concussions are reported annually in professional football (Casson et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Concussions on National Football League Quarterback Performance

Heintz

Foret

Foreman

2020

IJKSS

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Background: Sports-related concussion (SRC) rates are higher in American football than any other sport; therefore, the effects of SRCs on professional football players is a prevalent topic. Previous research has shown that sustaining an SRC has negative financial and overall career outcomes for athletes and may cause performance decrements after an athlete returns to play, however, the results of previous research regarding athlete performance after returning from an SRC are mixed. While some studies found that player performance in the National Football League (NFL) was unaffected upon returning from an SRC, evidence also suggests significant scoring reductions in offensive players. Although previous research has found that NFL running backs and wide receivers perform at levels similar to their performance before sustaining an SRC, little is known about quarterback performance after an SRC. There is also evidence that SRCs decrease neurocognitive performance, a quality that is crucial, especially for quarterbacks. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine changes in NFL quarterback performances upon return to play from an SRC. Method: Quarterback ratings (QBRs) and concussion data from 2012-2015 were used to determine if changes occurred in NFL quarterback performance following an SRC. Results: QBRs decreased by 13.3 points (p = 0.014) after quarterbacks return from an SRC. Conclusions: Changes in on-field performance for NFL quarterbacks after sustaining an SRC could be the result of neurocognitive decrements that impact quick reaction and decision-making skills, which may have greater impacts on quarterbacks than other positions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Concussions on National Football League Quarterback Performance

Heintz

Foret

Foreman

2020

IJKSS

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“…1,2 A concussion is the biomechanically induced alteration in brain function following indirect or direct traumatic forces. [3][4][5] Although over 90% of high school athletes with SRC return to baseline within one week following injury, many athletes experience persistent symptoms and are later diagnosed with post-concussion syndrome (PCS). 6,7 PCS is defined as the abnormal persistence of ongoing concussion symptoms, with significant variation in diagnostic criteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-concussion syndrome and pre-existing mood disorder: A case report

Price

DeCastro

Brock

2018

Int J Psychiatry Med

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Sport-related concussions in youth and adolescent athletes most commonly resolve within one week without residual symptoms, with athletes resuming full participation following return to play guidelines. A small percentage of athletes have persistent symptoms that cause significant morbidity, some of whom are ultimately diagnosed with post-concussion syndrome. In these athletes, symptoms in the emotional domain can be more prolonged than other domains, with athletes reporting anxiety and depression months to years following injury. A prior personal or family history of pre-existing mood disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder increases the risk of a prolonged duration of symptoms. In this case series, we discuss two cases of post-concussion syndrome in adolescent athletes with a past personal or family history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and depression treated by a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and medication with ongoing persistent symptoms. There is increased need for mental health screening in all athletes to identify individuals at risk for post-concussion syndrome. Early identification of at-risk individuals allows the interdisciplinary care team to discuss expectations for the athlete and family regarding duration of symptoms.

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Head injuries and concussions are a major public health concern, especially for high school and college student athletes. 1,2 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that in 2017, 15.1% of students (approximately 2.5 million) reported suffering at least 1 concussion related to sports or physical activity in the past year. Furthermore, 40% of those students reported having 2 or more concussions in that period.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the predictive value of primary evaluation with the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test following head injury

Hannah

Dreher

et al. 2020

Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics

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OBJECTIVEConcussions are a major public health concern, especially for high school and college student athletes. However, there are few prognostic metrics that can accurately quantify concussion severity in order to anticipate recovery time and symptom regression. The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) is a widely used neurocognitive assessment that can diagnose and track recovery from concussions. This study assesses whether initial ImPACT scores, collected within 48 hours of the injury, can predict persistence of concussion at follow-up.METHODSResults from 6912 ImPACT tests were compiled in 2161 unique student athletes, ages 12–22 years. The authors defined a novel metric, the Severity Index (SI), which is a summation of the number of standard deviations from baseline at the 80% CI for each of the 5 composite scores reported by ImPACT. Patients were binned into groups based on SI (0–3.99, 4–7.99, 8–11.99, 12+) and the relationships between SI groups, composite scores, symptom profiles, and recovery time were characterized using 1-way and 2-way ANOVAs and Kaplan-Meier plots. A logistic regression assessed the value of SI for predicting concussion at follow-up.RESULTSPatients with a higher SI at diagnosis were more likely to still be concussed at their first follow-up (F3,2300 = 93.06; p < 0.0001). Groups with a higher SI also displayed consistently slower recovery over a 42-day period and were more likely to report symptoms in all 4 symptom clusters (Migraine, Cognition, Sleep, and Neuropsychiatric). When controlling for sex, age, number of previous concussions, days between assessments, and location, SI significantly increased the odds of being concussed at follow-up (OR 1.122, 95% CI 1.088–1.142; p < 0.001). This model showed good discrimination with an area under the curve of 0.74.CONCLUSIONSSI is a useful prognostic tool for assessing head injury severity. Concussions with higher initial SI tend to last longer and have broader symptomatic profiles. These findings can help patients and providers estimate recovery based on similar ImPACT score profiles.

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Sport-related concussions

Cited by 14 publications

References 68 publications

Effect of Concussions on National Football League Quarterback Performance

Effect of Concussions on National Football League Quarterback Performance

Post-concussion syndrome and pre-existing mood disorder: A case report

Assessing the predictive value of primary evaluation with the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test following head injury

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