Accuracy of neuropsychological tests and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory in differential diagnosis between Frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease

Bahia, Valéria Santoro; Viana, Rene

doi:10.1590/s1980-57642009dn30400012

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…More interestingly, several domains seem as markedly impaired in bvFTD as in AD, a disease in which specific verbal dysfunctions range from frequent (in amnestic presentations) to systematic (in linguistic presentations) ( 86 ). In our review, comparable outcomes between these diseases have been reported for global language skills, as evaluated with the ACE-R language scale ( 55 ), as well as phonemic ( 58 , 68 , 72 , 73 ) and semantic ( 64 , 67 , 68 , 72 , 73 ) fluency tasks. The same pattern has been reported among speakers of English ( 87 ) and Italian ( 88 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…In particular, emerging evidence ( 67 ) suggests that, compared with healthy controls, LA bvFTD patients produce fewer and smaller semantic clusters (words retrieved according to semantic subcategories such as pets, birds, or felines, for animals) as well as fewer switches (shifts from one semantic subcategory to another). Semantic fluency deficits in LA bvFTD patients seem less strong than those observed in non-fluent and semantic variant PPA [( 70 , 74 , 75 ), but see ( 69 )] but as severe as those of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( 67 ) and AD ( 64 , 67 , 68 , 72 , 73 ).…”

Section: Linguistic Research In La Bvftdmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Language in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia: Another Stone to Be Turned in Latin America

et al. 2021

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Beyond canonical deficits in social cognition and interpersonal conduct, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) involves language difficulties in a substantial proportion of cases. However, since most evidence comes from high-income countries, the scope and relevance of language deficits in Latin American bvFTD samples remain poorly understood. As a first step toward reversing this scenario, we review studies reporting language measures in Latin American bvFTD cohorts relative to other groups. We identified 24 papers meeting systematic criteria, mainly targeting phonemic and semantic fluency, naming, semantic processing, and comprehension skills. The evidence shows widespread impairments in these domains, often related to overall cognitive disturbances. Some of these deficits may be as severe as in other diseases where they are more widely acknowledged, such as Alzheimer's disease. Considering the prevalence and informativeness of language deficits in bvFTD patients from other world regions, the need arises for more systematic research in Latin America, ideally spanning multiple domains, in diverse languages and dialects, with validated batteries. We outline key challenges and pathways of progress in this direction, laying the ground for a new regional research agenda on the disorder.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Linguistic Research In La Bvftdmentioning

confidence: 91%

Language in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia: Another Stone to Be Turned in Latin America

et al. 2021

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“…BCS is generally used in FTD research, such as the INECO Frontal Screening (IFS) ( 50 ), the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) ( 49 , 51 ), or the Mini-social cognition and emotional assessment (mini-SEA) ( 52 , 53 ). In addition, the behavioral and psychiatric scales answered by an informant, such as the Neuropsychiatric Inventory ( 54 ), may also be helpful for FTD diagnosis ( 55 , 56 ). However, these tools may not be adapted for use in primary care scenarios as they may require specialized training and are time-consuming ( 23 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies in LAC have investigated neuropsychiatric symptoms in FTD. In Brazil ( 55 ), the NPI was used to verify accuracy in the differential diagnosis between FTD and AD. The results showed that all patients with FTD and only half of those with AD presented neuropsychiatric symptoms ( 55 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Brazil ( 55 ), the NPI was used to verify accuracy in the differential diagnosis between FTD and AD. The results showed that all patients with FTD and only half of those with AD presented neuropsychiatric symptoms ( 55 ). Similarly, another Brazilian study ( 232 ) demonstrated the usefulness of the FBI for the differential diagnosis between FTD and AD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multidimensional Clinical Assessment in Frontotemporal Dementia and Its Spectrum in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Narrative Review and a Glance at Future Challenges

et al. 2022

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Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the third most common form of dementia across all age groups and is a leading cause of early-onset dementia. The Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) includes a spectrum of diseases that are classified according to their clinical presentation and patterns of neurodegeneration. There are two main types of FTD: behavioral FTD variant (bvFTD), characterized by a deterioration in social function, behavior, and personality; and primary progressive aphasias (PPA), characterized by a deficit in language skills. There are other types of FTD-related disorders that present motor impairment and/or parkinsonism, including FTD with motor neuron disease (FTD-MND), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal syndrome (CBS). The FTD and its associated disorders present great clinical heterogeneity. The diagnosis of FTD is based on the identification through clinical assessments of a specific clinical phenotype of impairments in different domains, complemented by an evaluation through instruments, i.e., tests and questionnaires, validated for the population under study, thus, achieving timely detection and treatment. While the prevalence of dementia in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is increasing rapidly, there is still a lack of standardized instruments and consensus for FTD diagnosis. In this context, it is important to review the published tests and questionnaires adapted and/or validated in LAC for the assessment of cognition, behavior, functionality, and gait in FTD and its spectrum. Therefore, our paper has three main goals. First, to present a narrative review of the main tests and questionnaires published in LAC for the assessment of FTD and its spectrum in six dimensions: (i) Cognitive screening; (ii) Neuropsychological assessment divided by cognitive domain; (iii) Gait assessment; (iv) Behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms; (v) Functional assessment; and (vi) Global Rating Scale. Second, to propose a multidimensional clinical assessment of FTD in LAC identifying the main gaps. Lastly, it is proposed to create a LAC consortium that will discuss strategies to address the current challenges in the field.

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Addition of the FTD Module to the Neuropsychiatric Inventory improves classification of frontotemporal dementia spectrum disorders

et al. 2023

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Most neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) common in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are currently not part of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). We piloted an FTD Module that included eight extra items to be used in conjunction with the NPI. Caregivers of patients with behavioural variant FTD (n = 49), primary progressive aphasia (PPA; n = 52), Alzheimer’s dementia (AD; n = 41), psychiatric disorders (n = 18), presymptomatic mutation carriers (n = 58) and controls (n = 58) completed the NPI and FTD Module. We investigated (concurrent and construct) validity, factor structure and internal consistency of the NPI and FTD Module. We performed group comparisons on item prevalence, mean item and total NPI and NPI with FTD Module scores, and multinomial logistic regression to determine its classification abilities. We extracted four components, together explaining 64.1% of the total variance, of which the largest indicated the underlying dimension ‘frontal-behavioural symptoms’. Whilst apathy (original NPI) occurred most frequently in AD, logopenic and non-fluent variant PPA, the most common NPS in behavioural variant FTD and semantic variant PPA were loss of sympathy/empathy and poor response to social/emotional cues (part of FTD Module). Patients with primary psychiatric disorders and behavioural variant FTD showed the most severe behavioural problems on both the NPI as well as the NPI with FTD Module. The NPI with FTD Module correctly classified more FTD patients than the NPI alone. By quantifying common NPS in FTD the NPI with FTD Module has large diagnostic potential. Future studies should investigate whether it can also prove a useful addition to the NPI in therapeutic trials.

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Accuracy of neuropsychological tests and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory in differential diagnosis between Frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Language in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia: Another Stone to Be Turned in Latin America

Language in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia: Another Stone to Be Turned in Latin America

Multidimensional Clinical Assessment in Frontotemporal Dementia and Its Spectrum in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Narrative Review and a Glance at Future Challenges

Addition of the FTD Module to the Neuropsychiatric Inventory improves classification of frontotemporal dementia spectrum disorders

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