Clinical signs of alcohol intoxication as markers of refusal to provide blood alcohol readings in emergency rooms: an exploratory study

High rates of injured motorcycle drivers in emergency rooms and the association with substance use in Porto Alegre, Brazil: Table 1

“…Moreover, 27% of the riders reported alcohol consumption prior to the accident. These findings reinforce Brazil's low emphasis on law enforcement23 and the inadequacy of Brazilian law in identifying alcohol abuse among drivers and riders involved in TA 24. The reason why there was a discrepancy between the results found in the breathalyser and urine samples and the consumption, reported by the motorcyclists, is that there was time-lag between the exam and the TA.…”