Possible Links between Intestinal Permeablity and Food Processing: A Potential Therapeutic Niche for Glutamine

Abstract

Increased intestinal permeability is a likely cause of various pathologies, such as allergies and metabolic or even cardiovascular disturbances. Intestinal permeability is found in many severe clinical situations and in common disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome. In these conditions, substances that are normally unable to cross the epithelial barrier gain access to the systemic circulation. To illustrate the potential harmfulness of leaky gut, we present an argument based on examples linked to protein or lipid glycation induced by modern food processing. Increased intestinal permeability should be largely improved by dietary addition of compounds, such as glutamine or curcumin, which both have the mechanistic potential to inhibit the inflammation and oxidative stress linked to tight junction opening. This brief review aims to increase physician awareness of this common, albeit largely unrecognized, pathology, which may be easily prevented or improved by means of simple nutritional changes.

Biodistribution and Elimination Study of Fluorine-18 Labeled Nε-Carboxymethyl-Lysine following Intragastric and Intravenous Administration

“…Because it is almost impossible to achieve the same formulation used by drug manufacturers within the timeframe of the short half-lives of PET radionuclides, these types of studies are extremely difficult to perform. Rapin et al [47] suggested that normally dietary AGEs cross the intestinal wall poorly. However the elimination of AGEs might be very different if intestinal permeability (IP) is elevated by food allergies [48], and AGEs can affect the IP itself [49].…”

Trials with ‘epigenetic’ drugs: An update

“…It is the only HATi in clinical trials (Table 8) and exhibits great promise as a therapeutic agent. Its applications include atopic asthma (Kobayashi et al., 1997), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Rennolds et al., 2012), multiple myeloma (Ghoneum and Gollapudi, 2011), irritable bowel syndrome (Binion et al., 2008; Rapin and Wiernsperger, 2010), ulcerative colitis (Baliga et al., 2012), Crohn's disease (Mouzaoui et al., 2012), breast cancer (Nagaraju et al., 2012), Alzheimer's disease (Darvesh et al., 2012; Huang et al., 2012), pancreatic cancer (Dandawate et al., 2012; Veeraraghavan et al., 2011), colorectal cancer (Guo et al., 2012; Lin et al., 2011), diabetes (Abdel Aziz et al., 2012), and psoriasis (Kurd et al., 2008).…”

“…Increasing evidence supports distinct biological roles for each of the mammalian HDACs and it is probable that inhibition of specific members of the HDAC family will have specific functional consequences such as on gene expression, cell cycle regulation, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. A number of HDAC isoform-selective or -specific inhibitors are currently in development (Butler and Kozikowski, 2008;Estiu et al, 2008;Haggarty et al, 2003;Jones et al, 2008;Khan et al, 2008;Kozikowski et al, 2007;Moradei et al, 2008;Rasheed et al, 2007;Somoza et al, 2004). One question in the field of HDACi development, which remains unanswered, is whether selective inhibition of HDACs would be advantageous over broader-acting HDACi as anti-cancer agents.…”

The Role of Intestinal Barrier Function in Early Life in the Development of Colitis

“…The effect of high temperatures on aminopeptides and lipids during processing in the presence of reducing sugars can lead to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). While these milk fractions may have been placed in the food system to potentially decrease intestinal permeability, the formation of AGEs can actually have the opposite effect (Rapin & Wiernsperger, 2010). Therefore it is of vital importance that the properties of the bioactive ingredients are considered, along with the composition of the food matrix and changes that occur to the product during processing and storage.…”