Effects of mycotoxin adsorbents in aflatoxin B 1 - and fumonisin B 1 -contaminated broiler diet on performance and blood metabolite

Abstract

-The present study examined the effect of aflatoxin (AFB 1 ) and fumonisin (FB 1 ) at the levels of 2 mg kg −1 AFB 1 and 100 mg kg −1 FB 1 and the efficiency of use of different levels of adsorbent based on sodium and calcium aluminosilicate on growth performance, hematological parameters, and biochemical parameters of broilers. A total of 1,440 Cobb broilers were distributed into the following treatments: positive control (PC) -no mycotoxin and adsorbent (AD); PC+3AD -no mycotoxin, with 3 g kg −1 adsorbent in feed; negative control (NC) -only mycotoxin; NC+1AD -with mycotoxin and 1 g kg −1 adsorbent in feed; NC+2AD -with mycotoxin and 2 g kg −1 adsorbent in feed; and NC+3AD -with mycotoxin and 3 g kg −1 adsorbent in feed. The amounts of AFB 1 and FB 1 added to NC reduced weight gain (35%) and feed intake (50%) compared with PC; however, inclusion of 2 or 3 g kg −1 adsorbent to NC alleviated such losses. Birds fed NC showed anemia, immunosuppression, and impaired liver function, observed by reduced cholesterol and increased gamma glutamyl-transferase activity compared with PC; values returned to normal levels when 2 or 3 g kg −1 of the adsorbent (as fed) were used. Mycotoxins cause adverse effects on most of the parameters studied, and the use of adsorbent at the levels of 2 and 3 g kg −1 of the adsorbent as fed partially negates the adverse effect of mycotoxicosis.

Lactobacillus plantarum MYS6 Ameliorates Fumonisin B1-Induced Hepatorenal Damage in Broilers

“…This could be due to the toxic effects of FB1 on liver leading to haematopoietic (such as vitamins B12, folic acid, iron) suppression which eventually results in decreased synthesis of hemoglobin and erythropoietin and subsequently affect the RBC production and HCT. Our results are in accordance with the study conducted by Sobrane Filho et al (2016) , where broilers fed with diet containing a mixture of aflatoxin B1 (2 mg/kg feed) and FB1 (100 mg/kg feed) exhibited low values of erythrocyte, hemoglobin, and hematocrit compared to control while no difference was observed in the thrombocyte count. Another study by Broomhead et al (2002) showed that the above parameters of hematology remain unaffected in broilers when treated with 25 or 50 mg/kg FB1 in diet.…”

“…FB1 fed broilers in the present study showed a non-significant rise in WBC count probably due to an inflammatory response to the toxin. But Sobrane Filho et al (2016) reported a decrease in WBC count in the broilers fed with aflatoxin B1 (2 mg/kg feed) and FB1 (100 mg/kg feed) contaminated diet. The inconsistency in the hematology results is tempting us to speculate that hematology would not be a sensitive indicator of FB1 toxicity in broilers.…”

Evaluation of Cellulosic Polymers and Curcumin to Reduce Aflatoxin B1 Toxic Effects on Performance, Biochemical, and Immunological Parameters of Broiler Chickens

“…Decreased serum glucose might be a consequence of the reduced activity of enzymes that are involved in glucose metabolism, joined in the downregulation of PPARα by AFB1 [ 64 , 66 ]. On the other hand, low serum creatinine level results from the lower muscle mass gain, which is associated with severe hepatic injury during aflatoxicosis, since creatinine is a metabolite that results from the degradation of muscle phosphocreatine, so its level increases when muscle activity rates rise [ 64 , 67 ].…”

Low Doses of Mycotoxin Mixtures below EU Regulatory Limits Can Negatively Affect the Performance of Broiler Chickens: A Longitudinal Study

“…Similarly, a broiler diet containing up to 0.4 mg/kg AFB1, 0.2 mg/kg OTA and 0.3 mg/kg DON caused reduced feed intake and feed efficiency as well as antibody titre against Newcastle disease and infectious bursal diseases [23]. Filho et al [24] also observed a decrease in feed intake (35%) and body weight (50%) in broiler chicken exposed to 2 mg/kg AFB1 and 100 mg/kg FB1 [24]. A diet containing a mixture of T-2 (0.2-2.2 mg/kg) and DON (4.9-24.9 mg/kg) induced oxidative stress in the liver of chicken and decreased lipid peroxidation [25].…”