Skeletal maturation of the cervical vertebrae: association with various types of malocclusion

Abstract

The identification of the skeletal maturation stage of the cervical vertebrae has proven an important reference for orthodontic diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between the skeletal maturation stage of the cervical vertebrae and types of malocclusion according to the age and gender of participants. A total of 361 individuals (168 males and 193 females) between 8 and 14 years of age were selected from a convenience sample. Malocclusions were diagnosed through study models using the Angle classification. Maturation stages of the cervical vertebrae were determined using the method proposed by Hassel and Farman. Statistical analysis involved the chi-square test (p £ 0.05) and multiple logistic regression (forward stepwise procedure). Significant differences were observed between the stage of skeletal maturation of the cervical vertebrae and gender at ages 11, 12 and 14 years. Males with Class II malocclusion were twice as likely to be in Stage 1 or 2 of cervical vertebra maturation than individuals with Class I malocclusion (OR = 2.1 [CI 95%, 1.33-3.18]). There were no differences between individuals with Class I and Class III malocclusions. The association between skeletal maturation of the cervical vertebrae and type of malocclusion was significant, suggesting a skeletal component in the determination of Class II malocclusions.

Evaluation of the Relationships between Chronological Age, Skeletal Maturation, Dental Maturation, and Sagittal Jaw Relationships

“…This angle showed no correlation with any other parameters as opposed to in previous reports. 35,36 This result showed that skeletal maturation was similar in all sagittal skeletal abnormalities.…”

Sagittal and vertical craniofacial growth and attainment of circumpubertal middle phalanx maturation (MPM) stages: A multiple regression study

“…On the contrary, no significant association has been reported between the sagittal craniofacial growth pattern and attainment of the circumpubertal CVM stages 2, 3 and 4. 5,10 In a study, 6 the average age at onset of the pubertal peak was similar for both skeletal Class I and Class III subjects, although Class III subjects exhibited a prolonged pubertal CVM stage 3. The use of multivariate models, 5,10 instead of univariate analyses, [6][7][8][9] may explain apparent inconsistencies among the studies.…”

“…To date very little research has focused on the possible association between the timing of the circumpubertal skeletal maturation phases and sagittal craniofacial growth. [5][6][7][8][9][10] In this regard, a shorter and longer pubertal growth spurt, as recorded through the ages of attainment of CVM stages 3 and 4, have been reported for untreated skeletal Class II 7,9 and Class III 6,8,9 subjects, respectively. On the contrary, no significant association has been reported between the sagittal craniofacial growth pattern and attainment of the circumpubertal CVM stages 2, 3 and 4.…”

“…For instance, deficiency 3 and increased 4 mandibular length in skeletal Class II and Class III subjects, respectively, was suggested to be in part a consequence of the different durations of the pubertal growth spurt in these subjects, as compared to that of Class I subjects. [5][6][7][8] However, in spite of the wide indications for orthopedic treatments in case of skeletal malocclusion, only a few studies investigated on possible correlation between craniofacial growth pattern and attainment/duration of the different skeletal maturation phases [5][6][7]9,10 (according to which timing of intervention is based 1,2 ). These studies also reported contrasting evidence with clinically relevant [5][6][7][8][9] or not relevant 10 correlations.…”

“…All of these previous investigations [5][6][7][8][9][10] used the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method 2,11 to assess the attainment of the different circumpubertal skeletal maturation phases. However, the different variants of the method, [12][13][14][15] and the contrasting evidence regarding the reliability of the CVM method in detecting the mandibular growth peak 13,14,[16][17][18] or repeatability 19 would limit the external validity of the method.…”