Juveniles versus adults: differences in PGE2 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement

Abstract

Juveniles versus adults: differences in PGE 2 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement Abstract: This study aimed to investigate age-related changes in the biosynthetic capacity of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during one month of orthodontic treatment. Twentyfive juvenile subjects (mean age 13 ± 2.1 years) and 23 adults (mean age 24 ± 2.1 years) were included. GCF was collected immediately before the force application at the baseline, 2, 21 and 28 days, with periopaper inserted into the gingival crevice of the maxillary lateral incisors. The mediator levels were determined with an EIA kit. The results showed that the PGE 2 concentrations were significantly elevated from the baseline to 21 days (129.35 and 198.84 pg/µL, p = 0.0169) in juvenile subjects and reduced from 21 to 28 days (198.84 to 112.60 pg/µL, p = 0.0032). Adults, however, had no significant changes in the PGE 2 levels. The total amounts of PGE 2 from both groups changed between the baseline to 21 and 21 to 28 days (p = 0.0119 and p = 0.0076, respectively). The PGE 2 initial and final levels showed significant differences between the juveniles and adults, being higher in adults (baseline: juvenile = 129.35 pg/µL vs. adult = 163.20 pg/µL, p = 0.0379; t3: juvenile = 112.60 pg/µL and adult = 175.30 pg/µL, p = 0.0005). In conclusion, the results demonstrate the presence of variation in the PGE 2 levels according to age and the orthodontic activation period, which can explain why the speed of orthodontics treatment may be different in adults vs. juveniles.

Assessment of Biological markers level in gingival crevicular fluids during early orthodontic treatment of periodontally affected teeth

“…Orthodontic and orthopaedic forces evoke changes in the levels of inflammatory mediators in the periodontal tissues and can trigger the processes of bone resorption in tissue around the teeth. 31 A study reported an increased levels of PGE adjacent to teeth undergoing orthodontic movement with fixed appliances, 32 which is compatible with our finding that showed gradual increase of PG at 3 days and reaches its peak after one week of orthodontic treatment. In periodontally affected teeth the PG showed higher level than in non affected teeth, indicating more inflammation and bone resorption.…”

The Gingival Crevicular Fluid as a Source of Biomarkers to Enhance Efficiency of Orthodontic and Functional Treatment of Growing Patients

“…Ren et al [ 7 ] showed that the concentrations were significantly elevated after 24 hours of activation in juvenile and adult patients but concluded that the mediator levels in juvenile subjects are more responsive than the levels in adults. In agreement with this conclusion, another study [ 53 ] showed that the levels of PGE2 were higher in young subjects than in the older patient group. This could be an explanation of why the speed of orthodontic treatment may be different in adults versus juveniles.…”

Assessment of salivary interleukin-1β (IL-1β), prostaglandin E2(PGE2) levels and pain intensity in children and adults during initial orthodontic treatment

“…[19] and Chibebe et al . [20] saw decreases of PGE 2 and IL-1β in their studies after the 24-hour mark. At T 3 in this study, there was an increase in PGE 2 which could be attributed with a larger force applied since an archwire with a greater dimension.…”

“…This was contradicted by the studies of Chibebe et al . [20] where they found that juveniles displayed greater levels of PGE 2 as their inflammatory systems are more active leading to a faster response to changes in the local environment. However, a study by Ohzeki et al .…”