Salivary IgA and IgE levels in healthy subjects: relation to age and gender

Jafarzadeh, Abdollah; Sadeghi, Mostafa; Karam, Gholamreza Asadi; Vazirinejad, Reza

doi:10.1590/s1806-83242010000100004

Cited by 72 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…8) Small proteins, immunoglobulin A (IgA), defensins, cytokines, hormones, mucins and other components in saliva have been considered to play a role in innate immunity and defense at the oral mucosa. 9) For these reasons, it is critical to treat hyposalivation.…”

Section: Importance Of Saliva For Oral Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Umami Taste Stimulation to Remedy Hypogeusia Based on Reflex Salivation

Sasano

Satoh‐Kuriwada

Shoji

et al. 2010

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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HYPOGEUSIA AND HYPOSALIVATIONAging is sometimes associated with decreased sensitivity to tastants, i.e., hypogeusia. In the Tohoku University Hospital, decreased taste sensitivity is one of the most common complaints among the elderly.1) In the recent study, the prevalence and causes of gustatory impairment in the elderly were assessed to elucidate the relationship between aging and taste sensitivity. The subjects were comprised of 71 elderly people (male: nϭ19; female: nϭ52), 65 to 94 years of age (meanϭ 80 years), in four different homes for senior citizens with daily meals arranged by a nutritionist. After informed consent was obtained from each subject, the thresholds of the four basic tastes (sweet, salty, sour and bitter) were measured using the filter paper disc method 2) (Sannwa Chemical Laboratory Inc., Nagoya, Japan). Of the 71 subjects, 26 (36.6%) demonstrated hypogeusia, determined as a high threshold for taste sensitivity 3) (Fig. 1). This percentage was significantly higher than expected, indicating that there are many elderly with taste disorders.In the present epidemiologic study, the relationship between the salivary flow rate and the taste threshold was also examined to determine whether hyposalivation influences hypogeusia. Salivary flow rate was measured by the gum test, in which saliva secreted following gum chewing was collected for 10 min. This method is widely used for the clinical assessment of oral dryness. 4) As shown in Fig. 2, whole saliva secretion among taste disorder subjects was significantly decreased whereas it was normal in all subjects with normal Enjoying taste should be one of the greatest pleasures in human life. However, aging is sometimes associated with decreased taste sensitivity, also known as hypogeusia. The loss of taste not only affects quality of life, but can also cause weight loss and health problems in the elderly. Our recent study has shown that 37% of test subjects over 65 years of age exhibited hypogeusia. Further, whole saliva secretion, including minor salivary secretion, was significantly decreased in elderly patients with gustatory impairment, but was normal in all elderly subjects with normal taste thresholds. These data indicate that hyposalivation is closely related to hypogeusia. Moreover, clinical studies have shown that treatment of hyposalivation diminishes hypogeusia, indicating that salivation is essential to maintain normal taste function. However, many medications for relief of dry mouth, such as parasympathomimetic (cholinomimetic) drugs, have serious adverse effects. Palpitation, sweating, nausea, diarrhea and dizziness have all been observed in elderly patients taking parasympathomimetic drugs. To circumvent this problem, glutamate, which produces umami taste, was demonstrated to increase salivary secretion and thereby improve hypogeusia by enhancing the gustatory-salivary reflex. Our data suggests that umami is an effective tool for the relief of hypogeusia without the side effects of parasympathomimetic drugs. Whole saliva secretion in s...

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Section: Importance Of Saliva For Oral Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Umami Taste Stimulation to Remedy Hypogeusia Based on Reflex Salivation

Sasano

Satoh‐Kuriwada

Shoji

et al. 2010

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Khan et.al [29] showed that age affect changes in sIgA concentration. The mean of sIgA was higher in individuals age 11-20 years old (7.47 ± 1.48 mg/dl) than children age 1-10 years old (5.20 ± 0.94 mg/dl), but the mean of sIgA will decrease at individuals age 61-70 years old [17].…”

Section: Literature Review a Secretory Immunoglobulin A And The mentioning

confidence: 79%

“…This may be due to the antimicrobial agent depending on the individual salivary flow rate, the degree of gingival inflammation associated with gingival sulcus exudates and the release of antimicrobial proteins in whole saliva, caries status, total saliva sIgA and anti-Streptococcus mutans specific IgA varies with time of infection [17], other nonimmune antimicrobial agents also play a role, large intra and inter-individual variations; and also the age of the subject [64].…”

Section: Advances In Health Science Research Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Future research on development of salivary protein biomarkers must takes into account about factors that affect a person's salivary protein [17,64], so that the research obtained is more valid. Besides, longitudinal study design is suggested, as it may explain the role of antibacterial saliva in ECC.…”

Section: Advances In Health Science Research Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main salivary immune factor is secretory IgA (sIgA) [17], while non-immune factors in saliva include lysozyme, lactoferrine, salivary peroxidase, aglutinin, histatine, cystatine, secretory leucocyte proteinase inhibitor (SLPI), defensine-2, chromogranine A, cathelicidine, mucine, and prolin-rich glycoproteins [18]. Lysozyme is one of innate immune saliva and body's first defense and prominent in the oral cavity [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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sIgA and Lisozim as Biomarker of Early Childhood Caries Risk

Octiara¹,

Sutadi²,

Siregar³

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the International Dental Conference of Sumatera Utara 2017 (IDCSU 2017)

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Abstract-Caries in children under 6 years old (Early Childhood Caries) is still a major oral health problems in many countries. The high prevalence of ECC should be prevented immediately based on the cause of caries. Saliva is one of the factors that play role in dental caries process, also play a role as caries prevention. This article describes the relationship between sIgA and salivary lysozyme to the incidence of ECC and the development of that protein as one of the caries biomarkers. Several studies reported that sIgA in caries-free children had higher concentrations than in ECC children. Lysozyme concentrations in unstimulated saliva are also significantly higher in the caries-free group compared with the ECC group. Determination of lysozyme and sIgA level in saliva may be helpful in diagnosing caries diseases and infections. It is concluded that the development of sIgA and salivary lysozyme can be used as one of the biomarkers for dental caries detection, risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis and disease monitoring, and evaluation in ECC.

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