Bone regeneration in cranioplasty and clinical complications in rabbits with alloxan-induced diabetes

Abstract

This research evaluated the bone repair process in surgical defects created on the parietal bones of diabetic rabbits using the guided bone regeneration technique to observe the effects of alloxan in the induction of diabetes mellitus. Twenty-four adult rabbits were divided into three study groups: control (C), diabetic (D) and diabetic associated to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane (D-PTFE). For diabetes induction the animals received one dose of monohydrated alloxan (90 mg/ kg) by intravenous administration in the auricular or femoral vein. In group D-PTFE the membrane covered both the floor and the surface of the bone defect. In groups D and C, the bone defect was filled up with blood clot. The specimens were fixed in 10% formol and prepared for histomorphometric analysis. The results showed that the 90 mg/kg dose of monohydrate alloxan was sufficient to promote diabetes mellitus when administered in the auricular vein. Bone regeneration was slower in the diabetic group when compared with the control and diabetic-PTFE groups, but there was no significant statistical difference between the two experimental groups (D and D-PTFE). The oral and general clinical complications among the diabetics were weight loss, polyuria, polyphagia and severe chronic gingivitis.

Experimental models for guided bone regeneration in healthy and medically compromised conditions

“…In mice, diabetes was induced via intraperitoneal administration, once daily for 5 days, of a low dose of streptozotocin (of 40 mg/kg of body weight) ; this may be considered an improvement over the high‐dose streptozotocin model as it seems to imitate the cellular events involved in the destruction of pancreatic cells, resulting in diabetes that is similar to that of human type 1 diabetes . Type 1 diabetes has been induced in rabbits by a single intravenous injection of 90 mg/kg of monohydrate alloxan . However, a constant hyperglycemia was noted, which was often difficult to control, even using daily human insulin .…”

Effects of the photobiomodulation using different energy densities on the periodontal tissues under orthodontic force in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…1,2 Hyperglycaemia over a long period results in various classic complications, including periodontopathy. 1,3,4,5,6 Several studies have demonstrated significant alterations to bone and mineral metabolism, which are related to the following factors: decrease of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, enhance of apoptosis of osteoblasts, and reduces osteocalcin synthesis. These processes lead to extensive bone loss and, as a consequence, impaired bone turnover and formation.…”

“…These processes lead to extensive bone loss and, as a consequence, impaired bone turnover and formation. 3,6,7,8 Alternative therapies have been proposed to stimulate alveolar bone remodeling and to favor a better response in gingival and periodontal ligament tissues, especially in the supported treatments for orthodontics. In particular, the photobiomodulation (PBM), previously known as low-level laser therapy (LLLT), has showed great effectiveness due to its analgesic, anti-inflammatory and photobiostimulatory properties, resulting in a faster tooth movement with no periodontal tissue side effects.…”

Effect of diabetic osteoblasts on osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells

“…Diabetes mellitus compromises the quality of bones and leads to a greater risk of bone fracture 1 Once a fracture has occurred, healing is delayed in patients with diabetes 2 The slower bone repair in diabetics is a consequence of a deficient function of osteoblasts 3 Impaired bone and wound healing represents a major clinical problem in patients with diabetes 4 Thus, it is important to explore novel modalities to facilitate fracture healing in diabetics.…”